We estimate a carbon mitigation cost curve for the U.S. commercial sector based on econometric estimation of the responsiveness of fuel demand and equipment choices to energy price changes. The model econometrically estimates fuel demand conditional on fuel choice, which is characterized by a multinomial logit model. Separate estimation of end uses (e.g., heating, cooking) using the U.S. Commer...

We develop a fundamental model for spot electricity prices, based on stochastic processes for underlying factors (fuel prices, power demand and generation capacity availability), as well as a parametric form for the bid stack function which maps these price drivers to the power price. Using observed bid data, we find high correlations between the movements of bids and the corresponding fuel pri...

introduction despite the abundant renewable energy sources, the iranian energy sector relies almost entirely on fossil fuel energy resources. power sector is dominant source of co2emissions and responsible for about 35% of total co2 emissions in the country. additionally, long-term electricity demand of iran is expected to grow quickly, which in turn requires extensive investment to meet the gr...

A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofu...

Bunker fuel constitutes about three quarters of the operational costs for liners. A strong effort is justified to define operational conditions and management strategies to minimize fuel-related costs, especially if the variability of fuel price is considered. Fuel sellers and liners use contracts to be guaranteed a refuelling quantity and control bunker price. We propose a game theory based ap...

There is growing interest in transportation pricing reforms to help achieve various planning objectives such as congestion, accident and emission reductions. Their effectiveness is affected by the price sensitivity of transport, that is, the degree that prices affect travel activity, measured as elasticities (percentage change in travel caused by a one-percent price change). Lower elasticities ...

Using low price heavy fuel oil (HFO) in high-speed diesel engines is a practical way to reduce running costs. However, most high-speed diesel engines’ fuel systems and combustion systems cannot adapt to HFO. This causes the problem of deterioration of combustion performance. In order to solve this problem, the authors have modified the fuel injection system and combustion system of a high-speed...