Mechanical unloading of bone causes an imbalance in bone formation and resorption leading to bone loss and increased fracture risk. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are inactive for up to six months during hibernation, yet bone mineral content and strength do not decrease with disuse or aging. To test whether hibernating bears have biological mechanisms to prevent disuse osteoporosis, we measured...

Phenological shifts are primary responses of species to recent climate change. Such changes might lead to temporal mismatches in food webs and exacerbate species vulnerability. Yet insights into this phenomenon through experimental approaches are still scarce, especially in amphibians, which are particularly sensitive to changing thermal environments. Here, under controlled warming conditions, ...

Lack of activity causes bone loss In most animals. Hibernating bears have physiological processes to prevent cortical and trabecular bone loss associated with reduced physical activity, but different mechanisms of torpor among hibernating species may lead to differences in skeletal responses to hibernation. There are conflicting reports regarding whether small mammals experience bone loss durin...

Hibernation represents a seasonal physiological adaptation, which allows conservation of energy and down-regulation of cellular functions. Hibernating animals exhibit multiple biological alterations which contribute to their dramatic ability to tolerate the ischaemic conditions associated with reduced rates of respiration and blood flow while in the hibernating state. There is accumulating evid...

Small-bodied hibernators partition the year between active homeothermy and hibernating heterothermy accompanied by fasting. To define molecular events underlying hibernation that are both dependent and independent of fasting, we analyzed the liver proteome among two active and four hibernation states in 13-lined ground squirrels. We also examined fall animals transitioning between fed homeother...

Hibernation in mammals is a mysterious biological phenomenon that appears on a seasonal basis for surviving a potentially lethal low body temperature (Tb) near 0 degrees C and protecting organisms from various diseases and harmful events during hibernation. The exact mechanism by which such a unique ability is seasonally developed is still unknown. On the basis of our previous finding that the ...

This paper presents the first analysis of the new hibernation file format that is used in Windows versions 8, 8.1, and 10. We also discuss several changes in the hibernation and shutdown behavior of Windows that will have a direct impact on digital forensic practitioners who use hibernation files as sources of

Electroencephalographic slow-wave activity (SWA) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is directly related to prior sleep/wake history, with high levels of SWA following extended periods of wake. Therefore, SWA has been thought to reflect the level of accumulated sleep need. The discovery that euthermic intervals between hibernation bouts are spent primarily in sleep and that this sleep is cha...

The ability of the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) to produce thermogenic responses and to trigger arousal from hibernation was tested during successive quarters of individual hibernation bouts. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) were implanted with bilateral cannula guides into the MRF. Single, bilateral, 1-mul injections of acetylcholine (ACh) at concentrations of 50, 100...

Hibernation is an adaptive strategy employed by some mammals to escape the cold. During hibernation, heart, respiratory and metabolic rates plummet, and core body temperatures can approach freezing. Hibernators spontaneously arouse using only endogenously-generated heat. Our long-range goal is to understand the molecular underpinnings of this phenotype in the context of the entire organism. Our...