A fast fault-tolerant controller structure is presented, which is capable of recovering from transient faults by performing a rollback operation in hardware. The proposed fault-tolerant controller structure utilizes the rollback hardware also for system mode and this way achieves performance improvements of more than 50% compared to controller structures made fault tolerant by conventional tech...

PAUL JULIAN WEINDLING, Darwinism and social Darwinism in Imperial Germany: the contribution of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922), Forschungen zur Neueren Medizinund Biologiegeschichte 3, Stuttgart and New York, Gustav Fischer, 1991, pp. 355, illus., DM 148.00 (3-437-11305-4). This is the first major study for thirty years of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig, whose matriculation and r...

PAUL JULIAN WEINDLING, Darwinism and social Darwinism in Imperial Germany: the contribution of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922), Forschungen zur Neueren Medizinund Biologiegeschichte 3, Stuttgart and New York, Gustav Fischer, 1991, pp. 355, illus., DM 148.00 (3-437-11305-4). This is the first major study for thirty years of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig, whose matriculation and r...

Under the right circumstances, groups can be remarkably intelligent and statistical aggregates of individuals’ decisions can outperform individual’s and expert’s decisions. Examples of this wisdom of crowds effect range from markets, auctions, political polls, internet search engines to quiz shows (Galton, 1907; Lorge, Fox, Davitz, & Brenner, 1958; Surowiecki, 2004; Page, 2007; Mannes, 2009). R...

=1858769 Gigerenzer, G., and Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 62, 451–482. Gonzalez, C., and Dutt, V. (2011). Instance-based learning: integrating sampling and repeated decisions from experience. Psychol. Rev. 118, 523–551. Hertwig, R. (2011). The psychology and rationality of decisions from experience. Synthese. doi: 10.1007/

Coall & Hertwig (C&H) bring attention to alternative accounts of grandparental investment from economics, evolutionary anthropology, psychology, and sociology, which have yet to be reconciled. We attempt to help integrate some of the disparate perspectives by expanding the scope of the evolutionary perspective, highlighting some gaps, and discussing problems with the authors’ treatment of grand...

After insemination of unfertilized eggs of Psammechinus miliaris, a change in cortical structure is propagated over the egg surface. A quantitative examination of this phenomenon (Rothschild & Swann, 1949) raised the following questions, requiring further experiments. First, is the observed cortical change the block to polyspermy, or is there a more rapid and so far undetected block to polysper...

Recent research has focused on the difference between description and experience based decisions and on their treatment of rare events. While rare events are overweighted in description based decisions, people tend to behave as if they underweight rare events in decisions based on experience. Barron and Erev (2003) and Hertwig et al. (2004) argue that such findings are substantive and call for ...