Herbicide contamination of streams has been well documented, but little is currently known about the specific factors affecting watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to document herbicide occurrence and transport from watersheds in the northern Missouri/southern Iowa region; (2) to quantify watershed vulnerability to herbicide transport an...

Aiming to reduce herbicide leaching, "in situ" adsorption of herbicide-micelle formulations to soils was explored. Sulfentrazone or metolachlor were solubilized in cationic micelles, and these herbicide-micelle formulations were applied to sandy and alluvial soils. Sulfentrazone adsorption to the soils was negligible; however, its adsorption via its solubilization in micelles and their adsorpti...

The zooplankton biomass and distribution were studied during two oceanographic cruises in NE part of the Persian Gulf in autumn 2012 (November) and summer 2013 (August) with 300 μmmesh net. Zooplankton samples were analyzed for biomass content. Zooplankton biomass expressed as mg m-3 dry wt., was greatest during summer cruise (mean of 18.8 ± 4.6 mg m-3 dry wt.). The mean zooplankton bioma...

1. Danneberg AL, Yashuk JC, Feldman RA. Gastrointestinal illness on passenger cruise ships 1975-1978. Aust J Public Health 1982; 72: 484–488. 2. Addis DG, Yashuk JC, Clapp De, Blake PA. Outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness on passenger cruise ships, 1975–85. Epidem. Infect 1989; 103: 63–72. 3. US Public Health Service. Vessel sanitation program operations manual. Atlanta, Georgia: US Department of H...

Extensive research has been conducted regarding the occurrence of herbicides in the hydrologic system, their fate, and their effects on human health and the environment. Few studies, however, have considered herbicide transformation products (degradates). In this study of Iowa ground water, herbicide degradates were frequently detected. In fact, herbicide degradates were eight of the 10 most fr...

crop residue is a non-chemical method of weed control in agricultural sustainable systems. this research was conducted at the alarogh site of ardabilto evaluate the effect of integrated use of mulch and herbicide on weed emergence and growth in potato in 2007. treatments were four levels herbicide including: (1) paraquat [n,n'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride] herbicide as pre-pl...

BACKGROUND Norovirus infection outbreaks (NoVOs) occur frequently in closed populations, such as cruise ship passengers. Environmental contamination is believed to play an important role in NoVO propagation. METHODS Trained health care professionals covertly evaluated the thoroughness of disinfection cleaning (TDC) of 6 standardized objects (toilet seat, flush handle or button, toilet stall i...

Phalaris brachystachys is a common and troublesome weed in winter cereals in Mediterranean countries. A deterministic model was developed to simulate P. brachystachys seedbank dynamics in the wheat-sunflower rotation, a commonly practiced cropping system in southern Spain, under different herbicide-based management scenarios: no herbicide application, full herbicide dose (standard rate) and two...

An independent Science Advisory Panel (The Panel) was formed to assist the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation evaluate the effects of wastewater discharges from cruise ships in Alaskan waters. The Panel evaluated the dilution of wastewater discharges from moving cruise ships. The results of that evaluation were used in turn to evaluate possible effects on water quality. This paper ...

BACKGROUND The attention placed on cruise ship infectious epidemics has helped create important preventive strategies in improving food handling, sanitation, and overall cruise ship medical care. However, the incidence of serious injury in cruise ship passengers has never been fully described. In 2006, there was an increase in the number of cruise ship passengers receiving medical care at a Lev...