The gross microscopical anatomy of the crayfish antennal gland has been well and repeatedly characterized (Marchal, 1892; Peters, 1925; Maluf, 1939). Examination of the anatomy of the organ has yielded little information elucidating its basic functional mechanism. Since the work of Schlieper & Herrmann (1930) it has been known that the crayfish excretes a urine that is markedly hypotonic to the...

The evidence presently available supports a ' filtration '-reabsorption hypothesis for the mechanism underlying urine formation by the antennal gland of the crayfish. This evidence has been summarized most recently by Schmidt-Nielsen & Laws (1963) and by the writer (1963). In a previous paper (Riegel, 1963) the results of measurements of chloride concentration and of osmotic pressure made on fl...

Insects engage in symbiotic associations with a large diversity of beneficial microorganisms. While the majority of well-studied symbioses have a nutritional basis, several cases are known in which bacteria protect their host from pathogen infestation. Solitary wasps of the genera Philanthus and Trachypus (beewolves; Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) cultivate the actinomycete "Candidatus Streptomyces ...

TEM and SEM analysis of the tibio-tarsal antennal cleaner in Messor rufitarsis reveals a pore region on the surface of the basitarsus. These pores are originating from a cluster of highly prismatic epidermal cells that fill the anterior hemolymph space of the leg almost completely. Within the cytoplasma of the cells, basal labyrinth, nucleus/rough endoplasmic reticulum, 'secondary lysosomes', a...

We describe a novel ventral scape gland in all 19 species of the genus Strumigenys that we examined, confirming postulated existence this by Bolton (1999). The occurs workers and queens; it belongs to ‘class-1’ is formed layer epithelial secretory cells line ventrodistal tegumental cuticle antennal scape. characterized its bowl-shape, ultrastructural characteristics microvillar arrangement pres...

A portion of the genome of yellow head virus (YHV) of penaeid shrimp was cloned and the cDNA fragment (1161 bp) was designated clone 3-27. The fragment was labeled with digoxigenin and hybridized in situ to tissue sections of YHV-infected Penaeus vannamei. Positively reacting tissues included those of the lymphoid organ, cuticular epithelium, and gills. In addition, connective tissue of hepatop...

In previous work on antennal gland function in Crustacea the study of reabsorption of organic materials from the urine has been confined entirely to a consideration of carbohydrates, particularly glucose. For reviews of this earlier work, see Martin (1957) and Parry (i960). In Carcinus, as in other decapods, glucose is removed by active transport from urine passing through the antennal gland, t...

Shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei) specimens were submitted to the University of Arizona's Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory (UAZAPL) and to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) in 2007 and 2008 from shrimp-rearing facilities in India and Indonesia for histological testing. These were found to present prominent golden to greenish-brown needle- and plate-like birefring...

Numerous investigators have remarked upon the secretory appearance of the labyrinth and coelomosac of the crayfish antennal gland (e.g. Marchal, 1892; Peters, 1935; Maluf, 1939). It is readily observed in stained sections that vesicles are formed at the lumenad borders of the labyrinth cells. Furthermore, the cells of the coelomosac appear to be filled with vacuoles containing granular material...

Transport of d-[3H]glucose into lobster (Homarus americanus) brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) prepared by Mg2+ precipitation from antennal gland labyrinth-coelomosac tissue was examined. Influx of d-glucose occurred primarily by a phlorizin-sensitive, Na+-dependent carrier similar to that found in vertebrate renal epithelium. An inwardly directed Na+ gradient drove concentrative d-glucose...