conclusions functional renal impairment in diseases caused by hcv was more important than in diseases caused by hbv. the egfr was statistically lower in cirrhosis secondary to hcv than in hcv chronic hepatitis. results hbv chronic hepatitis, hcv chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis secondary to these viruses were associated with a reduction of the gfr. the egfr was higher in patients with hbv chron...

Background: Hepatitis viruses are non-cytopathic viruses that lead to the infection and pathogenesis of liver diseases as a result of immunologically mediated event. Objective: To investigate the expression of human inflammatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients according to the severity of the infection. Methods: We recruited a total of 120 patients, 40 of whom from cirrhotic, 40 non-c...

Hepatitis viruses belong to different families and have in common a striking hepatotropism and restrictions for propagation in cell culture. The transmissibility of hepatitis is in great part limited to non-human primates. Enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses (hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus) can induce hepatitis in a number of Old World and New World monkey species, while the host...

conclusions the inhibition of tregs is a novel therapeutic approach to cure chronically hbv infected patients. however, further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of this approach. results considering the increased levels of regulatory cytokines and also regulatory t cells (tregs) during chb, it seems that these cells are deeply involved in chb infection. the inhibition o...

Both alcohol abuse and infection with hepatitis viruses can lead to liver disease, including chronic hepatitis. Alcohol and hepatitis viruses have synergistic effects in the development of liver disease. Some of these involve the cellular membranes and particularly their functionally active domains, termed lipid rafts, which contain many proteins with essential roles in signaling and other proc...

Characteristics of Viruses ..............................................................................................................2 Structure and life cycle...........................................................................................................2 General features of foodborne viruses....................................................................................3 En...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this chapter individuals should be able to: 1 Define hepatitis and its symptomatology. 2 Distinguish between the various viruses associated with hepatitis. 3 Describe the general features of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, including the etiology, transmission, diagnosis, sequelae, and prophylaxis. 4 List and discuss th...

Two hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, are known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex, stepwise process that evolves over several to many years and precisely how hepatitis viruses contribute to malignant transformation of hepatocytes is uncertain. Hepatitis B vrus is integrated into cellular DNA in the great majority of hepatitis B virus-r...