Prolonged depression of feed intake in the periparturient period can greatly reduce health, reproductive performance, and milk yield. • Lipolysis in the periparturient period results in increased uptake, storage, and oxidation of fatty acids in the liver. • Hepatic oxidation of fuels results in a signal from the liver to the brain, known to terminate meals in nonruminants. • Increased hepatic o...

Although tamoxifen can trigger steatohepatitis, the mechanism of steatosis is unclear. We hypothesized that this DNA-intercalating, cationic amphiphilic drug could accumulate within mitochondria to impair fatty acid oxidation, respiration, and mitochondrial DNA relaxation and synthesis. We studied the in vitro effects of tamoxifen on topoisomerases and mouse liver mitochondria and its in vivo h...

Hepatic steatosis is a frequent complication in nonobese patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen, a potent antagonist of estrogen. In addition, hepatic steatosis became evident spontaneously in the aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mouse, which lacks intrinsic estrogen production. These clinical and laboratory observations suggest that estrogen helps to maintain constitutive lipid metabolis...

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling reduces hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance; however, its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) signaling improves lipid metabolism in the liver and, if so, whether VASP's effects are mediated by AMPK. We show that disrupti...

We previously demonstrated that a diet containing fish oil at a level of 80 g/kg strongly stimulated the physiological activity of a sesame sesamin preparation containing sesamin and episesamin at equal amounts to increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation. This study was conducted to clarify whether fish oil at lower dietary levels enhances the physiological activity of sesamin to increase hepatic ...

Notch signaling pathways modulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and communication. Recent studies have demonstrated that Notch1 signaling also regulates hepatic glucose production and lipid synthesis. However, the effect of Notch1 signaling on hepatic lipid oxidation has not yet been directly investigated. To define the function of Notch1 s...

Pregnancy-related changes in oxidative metabolism of several xenobiotics including pesticides were examined in the hepatic microsomes of CD, mice. The effect of pregnancy on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450~catalyzed substrate oxidation was found to be dependent upon the type of reaction examined. Not all substrates undergoing the same reaction showed identical changes during pregnancy. Thos...

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein (LRPPRC)-driven hepatic oxidative phoshorylation on blood lipid levels. The hepatic LRPPRC level was modulated by liver-specific transgenic or adeno-associated virus 8 carried shRNA targeting ...

Hepatic N-oxidation and aryl ring oxidation are generally regarded as critical activation and detoxification pathways for arylamine carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the in vitro hepatic metabolism of the carcinogens, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and the suspected carcinogen, 1-naphthylamine (1-NA), using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Hepatic microsomes fro...

Hepatic A/-oxidation and aryl ring oxidation are generally re garded as critical activation and detoxification pathways for arylamine carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the in vitro hepatic metabolism of the carcinogens, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and the suspected carcinogen, 1naphthylamine (1-NA), using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Hepatic microsomes fr...