The isolation, purification and structural characterization of human liver heparan sulfate are described. 1H-NMR spectroscopy demonstrates the purity of this glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and two-dimensional 1H-NMR confirmed that it was heparan sulfate. Enzymatic depolymerization of the isolated heparan sulfate, followed by gradient polyacrylamide gel, confirmed its heparin lyase sensitivity. The con...

Heparan sulfate interacts with antithrombin, a protease inhibitor, to regulate blood coagulation. Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1 performs the crucial last step modification in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate. This enzyme transfers the sulfuryl group (SO(3)) from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the 3-OH position of a glucosamine residue to form the 3-O-...

The ability of heparan sulfate, heparin, and other glycosaminoglycans to inhibit the infectivity of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars E and LGV was examined using a simple competitive inhibition assay with three cell types from the human female reproductive tract, including primary human endosalpingeal cells. With the majority of the glycosaminoglycans tested, LGV was more significantly inhibited ...

Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, isolated from the cell surface of nonadhering murine myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8653), does not bind to plasma fibronectin, but binds partially to collagen type I, as assayed by affinity chromatography with proteins immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. Identical results were obtained when myeloma heparan sulfate was cochromatographed, on the sam...

Cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells were found to synthesize and secrete high molecular mass heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, which bound basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The secreted heparan sulfate molecules were purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography, followed by Sepharose 4B chromatography and affinity chromatography on immobilized bFGF. Most of t...

Heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane has been considered crucial for charge-selective filtration. In many proteinuric diseases, increased glomerular expression of heparanase is associated with decreased heparan sulfate. Here, we used mice overexpressing heparanase and evaluated the expression of different heparan sulfate domains in the kidney and other tissues measured with anti-...

Heparan sulfate (HS), an extensively sulfated glycosaminoglycan abundant on cell surface proteoglycans, regulates intercellular signaling through its binding to various growth factors and receptors. In the lacrimal gland, branching morphogenesis depends on the interaction of heparan sulfate with Fgf10Fgfr2b. To address if lacrimal gland development and FGF signaling depends on 2-O-sulfation of ...

The biosynthesis of heparan sulfate, present on the cell surface and in the basal lamina surrounding cells, is a multistep process in which each step is mediated by a specific enzyme. The initial modification of the precursor polysaccharide, N-deacetylation followed by N-sulfation of selected N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, is catalyzed by the enzyme glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransfera...

Carbohydrates. In their Research Article (e202211985), Xuefei Huang et al. report the synthesis of a systemic 64-membered heparan sulfate tetrasaccharide library.