Global warming impacts diverse organisms not only directly but also indirectly via other organisms with which they interact. Recently, the possibility that elevated temperatures resulting from global warming may substantially affect biodiversity through disrupting mutualistic/parasitic associations has been highlighted. Here we report an experimental demonstration that global warming can affect...

During the 20(th) century, seawater temperatures have significantly increased, leading to profound alterations in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem processes. Elevated temperatures have also caused massive bleaching (symbiont/pigment loss) of autotrophic symbioses, such as in coral-dinoflagellate association. As symbionts provide most nutrients to the host, their expulsion during bleaching in...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of patients presenting with heel ulcers or gangrene (HEEL group) with those having lesions in other parts of the foot (non-HEEL group). METHODS Treatment and outcomes of all HEEL and non-HEEL patients between June 2001 and October 2006 were compared. RESULTS Three hundred eight patients were treated (71 HEEL and 237 non-HEEL)...

The goal on this investigation was to develop a detachable high heel shoe construction that could enter the current high heel market. The impact of high heel shoes on women's fashion is enormous but there are associated issues of comfort and health with these shoes. This work aims to maintain the appealing aspects of a high heel shoe while adding a concealed mechanism to enable the heel to be e...