Abstract Gas to liquid (GTL) process involves heterogeneous catalytic chemical reactions that convert synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and water vapor. A three phase reactor, called Low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) is commonly applied for GTL process. In this reactor the gaseous phase includes the synthesis gas, light hydrocarbons and water vapor, the liquid phase is a mixture of the h...

It has long been known that thorium-232 is a fertile radioactive material that can produce energy in nuclear reactors for conversion to electricity. Thorium-232 is well suited to a variety of reactor types including molten fluoride salt designs, heavy water CANDU configurations, and helium-cooled TRISO-

The discharge of waste water containing heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Cu from tanneries, electroplating units, metal processing industry etc is the major cause for metal pollution which in turn causes adverse effects in the environment. The conventional methods available for removal of heavy metal are costly and also produce some toxic sludge. This has lead to the invention of new technology like b...

Due to limited sources of natural uranium, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has sought thorium (Th) as an alternative source of nuclear fuel. India has one of the largest deposits of natural Th in the form of monazite in Kerala. The currently known Indian Th reserves amount to 155,000 GWe-yr of electrical energy and can meet the energy requirements during the next century and beyond. Thorium-2...

This article demonstrates the feasibility of converting Iran’s 40MWt heavy-water research reactor at Arak (the IR-40) to use low-enriched uranium fuel in order to slow the production of weapon-usable plutonium. Two methods are proposed, and both retain identical power density, thermal-hydraulic, and safety profiles as the original design and require no physical alteration of the core. They can ...

Electricity generated from nuclear power plants is generally associated with low emissions per kWh generated, an aspect that feeds into the wider debate surrounding nuclear power. This paper seeks to investigate how life-cycle emissions would be affected by including thorium in the nuclear fuel cycle, and in particular its inclusion in technologies that could prospectively operate open Th–U-bas...

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND This paper is a part of the research work on 'Integrated treatment of industrial wastes towards prevention of regional water resources contamination - INTREAT' the project. It addresses the environmental pollution problems associated with solid and liquid waste/effluents produced by sulfide ore mining and metallurgical activities in the Copper Mining and Smelting Comp...