Background: There are different street substance users' communities (SSUCs). Typology of SSUCs in Tehran, Iran was approached in this qualitative study.Methods: Using content analysis and saturation principles, 22 street-outreach workers were recruited and interviewed. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.Findings: Three types of SSUCs were identified. SSUCs were different...

The author examines the history of U.S. labor and immigration policies, paying particular attention to the evolution of the temporary worker policy. Complications in the immigration reform process caused by efforts to admit more temporary workers are discussed. The position of the Reagan administration, Senate and House consideration of immigration and temporary worker bills, and the politica...

BACKGROUND The sexual and reproductive health (SRH) status of female sex workers is influenced by a wide range of demographic, behavioural and structural factors. These factors vary considerably across and even within settings. Adopting an overly standardised approach to sex worker programmes may compromise its impact on some sub-groups in local areas. METHODS Records of female sex workers at...

OBJECTIVE To compare 12-month healthcare costs between employees with versus without diagnosed opioid abuse within 12 months after an injury-related workers' compensation (WC) or short-term disability (STD) claim. METHODS Retrospective study using 2003 to 2014 US insurance claims linked to administrative data on WC/STD claims. Multivariable models compared healthcare costs between employees w...

background: tourniquets used repeatedly on patients for blood sampling are a potential source of nosocomial infections. they harbor numerous microorganisms, including methicillin‑resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). the aim of this study was to investigate tourniquets for the presence of microorganisms and to ascertain the infection control practices of health care workers. methods: a cross‑...

background: there has never been a single case report of any parasitic zoono-sis in ile-ife while just a case of human acanthocephalan infection in nigeria is available. methods: fifty (house–rats) rattus rattus (linnaeus, 1758) were caught in houses and raw food sellers’ stalls in a market in ile-ife. a caught rat was removed from the cage and sacrificed by cervical jerking. a rat was weighed,...

from 22 may 1976 to 19 february 1977 out of 27742 patients which were referred to health and social welfare network of west azerbaijan in chonqralu (field laboratory of school of public health and institute of public health research in health services development research project in iran), 22693 (81.81%) simple cases were managed by the behvarz (female front line health worker), in nine health ...

conclusion we recommend that in outbreaks of cchf, care to prevent airborne transmission should be kept in mind. patient and method by a nosocomial transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf), a health care worker was infected in december 2008 due to a re-emerging outbreak of cchf in fars province, iran. after admission of probable cchf cases in a local hospital, one of the nurses co...