No other environmental variable of such ecological importance to estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems around the world has changed so drastically, in such a short period of time, as dissolved oxygen. While hypoxic and anoxic environments have existed through geological time, their occurrence in shallow coastal and estuarine areas appears to be increasing, most likely accelerated by human act...

We have applied an inverse model to 20 years of atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements to infer yearly changes in the regional carbon balance of oceans and continents. The model indicates that global terrestrial carbon fluxes were approximately twice as variable as ocean fluxes between 1980 and 1998. Tropical land ecosystems contributed most of the interannual changes in Earth's carbon balance...

Birds play pivotal roles in many ecosystems and the benefits humans derive from them. Birds and their functional roles are affected by habitat change and disturbance to variable degrees. We examined bird composition in three habitats in North Sumatra: natural forests, rubber agroforests (RAF) and rubber monoculture plantations (RMP). The birds were observed using a quick biodiversity survey pro...

Matrices of low rank are pervasive in big data, appearing in recommender systems, movie preferences, topic models, medical records, and genomics. While there is a vast literature on how to exploit low rank structure in these datasets, there is less attention on explaining why the low rank structure appears in the first place. We explain the abundance of low rank matrices in big data by proving ...