The history of leprosy dates back to the time of human existence and is also mentioned in the Avesta (1). The Vandidad refers to Thrita as the first Aryan physician who was capable of treating several diseases including leprosy (1). However, no visual example indicating the effect of leprosy on the Iranian culture and artifacts has been reported while it can be seen in other cultures in forms o...

Urartu is one of the powers beginning first millennium B. C., which has been located in Turkey, Armenia and north-west Iran, competing strongly with New Assyrian Empire encountering to local government Mannea, dominated on some parts Urmia Lake. The presence can be seen architectural remains areas like Bastam Hasanlu. But, cultural effect this great power its affection physical remains, compreh...

In the field of human osteology, sex estimation is an important step in developing a biological profile. There are a number of methods that can be used to estimate the sex of human remains, varying from visual assessments to metric analysis of sexually dimorphic traits. Teeth are one of the most durable physical elements in the human body and thus can be very successfully used for this purpose....

chronology of northwestern iran is principally based on archeological excavations of the area located around urmia lake. although plain and filled with water, and the outcomes of these excavations are extended to the whole northwestern region. however, northwestern iran despite having geographical diversities with mountainous plains and low stretches, systematic and comprehensive studies have b...