− The authors numerically discuss the accuracy of the hardness values of standard hardness blocks by evaluating the uniformity of hardness blocks and the resolution of hardness values according to test method. As a result of reviewing the results of this evaluation and the reasonability of the currently proposed method for evaluating the uncertainty of hardness values, it is revealed that the v...

The high-temperature hardness test has a wide range of applications, but lacks test standards. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element method (FEM) model of the relationship between the high-temperature hardness and high-temperature, quasi-static compression experiment, which is a mature test technology with test standards. A high-temperature, quasi-static compression test and ...

The aim of this study was to compare objective and subjective hardness of selected common foods with a wax cube used as a test item in a mixing ability test. Objective hardness was determined for 11 foods (cream cheese, boiled fish paste, boiled beef, apple, raw carrot, peanut, soft/hard rice cracker, jelly, plain chocolate and chewing gum) and the wax cube. Peak force (N) to compress each item...

Objectives: (1) To understand what hardness is, and how it can be used to determine material properties. (2) To conduct typical engineering hardness tests and be able to recognize commonly used hardness scales and numbers. (3) To be able to understand the correlation between hardness numbers and the properties of materials (4) To learn the advantages and limitations of the common hardness test ...

An intense 146 MeV/c pion beam was stopped inside a scintillating fiber detector made out of 12 planes with 16 pixels each, where every pixel consists out of 8 × 8 scintillating fibers of 500 μm diameter dense packed. The detector was irradiated for 52 hours to more than 1 Mrad at its center. Before and directly after the irradiation the detector has been exposed to a particle beam to compare t...