In similar with terrestrial and satellite wireless networks, a new alternative based on platforms located in the stratosphere has recently introduced, known as High Altitude Platforms (HAPS). HAPS are either airships or aircraft positioned between 17 and 22.5 km above the earth surface. It has capability to deliver a wide spectrum of applications to both mobile and fixed users over a broad cove...

A new network has been recently proposed for the provision of fixed broadband services via high altitude platform stations (HAPS) in the 48/47 GHz band. One of the critical issues of this technology is spectrum sharing with the fixed satellite service. This paper examines the effect of Earth-to-stratosphere co-channel interference produced by ground stations of HAPS network to geostationary orb...

Both HAPS and satellite as stand alone systems represent a flexible infrastructure to provide telecommunication capabilities for a broad set of services. Nevertheless, each of the two technologies can greatly help the other to reduce the impact of some intrinsic limitation in performance. For example, the use of HAPS as intermediate point of access can greatly reduce physical layer requirements...

In this paper, we give an overview of using High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) for providing wireless telecommunication and broadband communication services. Comparisons of HAPs, satellite and terrestrial systems are shown to illustrate unique characteristics of the system. Three architectures for HAP systems are discussed in terms of cooperation with terrestrial and satellite systems. Telecommunic...

BACKGROUND Hyaluronic Acid (HA) has been already approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for osteoarthritis (OA), while its use in the treatment of tendinopathy is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate in human rotator cuff tendon derived cells the effects of four different HA on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of collagen type I and collagen ty...

This document presents technical descriptions of signal processing and cross-layer algorithm design for beamforming from high altitude platforms (HAPs) to ground terminals, and vice versa, using advanced antenna types so-called 'smart antennas'. The research covers topics including vertical antenna arrays for communications from HAPs, optimised antenna array beampatterns for cellular coverage f...

The demand for high-capacity wireless services is bringing increasing challenges, especially for delivery of the ‘last mile’. Terrestrially, the need for line-of-sight propagation paths represents a constraint unless very large numbers of base-station masts are deployed, while satellite systems have capacity limitations. An emerging solution is offered by high-altitude platforms (HAPs) operatin...

One of the unique characteristics of high altitude platform station (HAPS) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is that all base stations are collocated. This enables the HAPS to centrally manage the amount of interference in all cells within the coverage area and allocate resources efficiently and optimally. In this study, we propose and analyze two centralized total received powe...

OBJECTIVE to create a method for assessing physician performance and care outcomes that are adjusted for procedure acuity and patient comorbidity. DESIGN between 2004 and 2008 surgical procedures performed by 10 surgeons were stratified into high-acuity procedures (HAPs) and low-acuity procedures (LAPs). Risk adjustment was made for comorbid conditions examined singly or in groups of 2 or mor...

In parallel with terrestrial and satellite wireless networks, a new alternative based on platforms located in the stratosphere has recently introduced, known as High Altitude Platforms (HAPS). HAPS are either airships or aircraft positioned between 17 and 22.5 km above the earth surface. It has capability to deliver a wide spectrum of applications to both mobile and fixed users over a broad cov...