ettin (ett) mutations have pleiotropic effects on Arabidopsis flower development, causing increases in perianth organ number, decreases in stamen number and anther formation, and apical-basal patterning defects in the gynoecium. The ETTIN gene was cloned and encodes a protein with homology to DNA binding proteins which bind to auxin response elements. ETT transcript is expressed throughout stag...

The apical-basal axis of the Arabidopsis gynoecium is established early during development and is divided into four elements from the bottom to the top: the gynophore, the ovary, the style, and the stigma. Currently, it is proposed that the hormone auxin plays a critical role in the correct apical-basal patterning through a concentration gradient from the apical to the basal part of the gynoeci...

Recent research is beginning to reveal how intricate networks of hormones and transcription factors coordinate the complex patterning of the gynoecium, the female reproductive structure of flowering plants. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding of how auxin biosynthesis, transport, and responses together generate specific gynoecial domains. This review also highlights areas wh...

Closure of carpels or angiospermy, a key developmental innovation, has been accomplished through different ontogenic routes among the flowering plants. The mechanism of angiospermy produces structural novelties in the gynoecium, which in turn affects the progamic phase. In this paper, we present the structural details of the gynoecium and functional attributes of the progamic phase of Hippophae...

In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation different colors Anemone obtusiloba in populations. The variations three four altitudinal gradients at eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau were examined. Our results showed that with increased altitude, gynoecium/flower, androceium/flower gynoecium/individual increased, but androceium/individual,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seemannaralia appears to be fundamentally different from all other Araliaceae in the presence of a well-developed symplicate zone in its gynoecium, as well as in the ovule insertion in the symplicate zone (rather than in the cross-zone). The present investigation re-examined the floral structure of Seemannaralia with emphasis on the morphology and evolution of its gynoecium....

Aims sex allocation in plants is often plastic, enabling individuals to adjust to variable environments. However, the predicted malebiased sex allocation in response to low resource conditions has rarely been experimentally tested in hermaphroditic plants. in particular, it is unknown whether distal flowers in linear inflorescences show a larger shift to male allocation relative to basal flower...

The screening for mutants and their subsequent molecular analysis has permitted the identification of a number of genes of Arabidopsis involved in the development and functions of the gynoecium. However, these processes remain far from completely understood. It is clear that in many cases, genetic redundancy and other factors can limit the efficiency of classical mutant screening. We have taken...