The Maillard reaction produces coloured, macromolecular materials (melanoidins) in a variety of foods, on heating. Significant quantities may enter the human gut on a daily basis, but there is little information on their metabolism in the human colon. As the large bowel contains a diverse population of bacteria involved in normal bowel function, it is possible that melanoidins are metabolized t...

As the intestinal mucosa is continuously exposed to numerous commensal bacteria, it is thought that the gut may possess innate and acquired immune system regulatory mechanisms to prevent excessive inflammatory responses against commensal bacteria. Macrophages are the major population of tissue-resident mononuclear phagocytes, and ISSN 1598-9100 http://dx.doi.org/10.5217/ir.2012.10.4.317 Intest ...

Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between inflammatory and metabolic pathways, and inflammation is now recognized to have a major role in obesity and metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The human body is home to a large number of distinct microbial communities, with the densest population in the distal gut (the gut microbiota). Bacteria have long b...

an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-starch polysaccharides of barley supplemented with multi-enzyme on growth performance and physiological characteristics of broilers. a total number of 375 one day old ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 3 treatments with 5 replicates at 2 rearing period (including 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age) using a crd statistical...

Manipulating gut bacteria in the microbiome, through the use of probiotics and prebiotics, has been found to have an influence on both physical and emotional wellbeing. This study uses a dietary manipulation 'The Gut Makeover' designed to elicit positive changes to the gut bacteria within the microbiome. 21 healthy participants undertook 'The Gut Makeover' for a four week period. Weight and var...

Gut flora is the community of microbial populations that live in intestine. Approximately 30% this population shared by all humans, but remaining 70% unique to each individual, hence gut microbiota serves as an identity card. play numerous functions body's defense against invasion, synthesis important vitamins, regulation immunological marker production, and others. Researchers observed several...

Eukaryotic microbes (protists) residing in the vertebrate gut influence host health and disease, but their diversity and distribution in healthy hosts is poorly understood. Protists found in the gut are typically considered parasites, but many are commensal and some are beneficial. Further, the hygiene hypothesis predicts that association with our co-evolved microbial symbionts may be important...

A unique lineage of bacteria belonging to the order Bacteroidales was identified as an intracellular endosymbiont of the protist Pseudotrichonympha grassii (Parabasalia, Hypermastigea) in the gut of the termite Coptotermes formosanus. We identified the 16S rRNA, gyrB, elongation factor Tu, and groEL gene sequences in the endosymbiont and detected a very low level of sequence divergence (<0.9% o...

Background: Heavy metal containing wastes reaches to the food chain either directly or indirectly. These ingested toxic elements manifest direct impact on the gut ecosystem and its overall functioning. The present study explores the alteration in mice gut bacteria on exposure to mixture of toxic heavy metals through drinking water.  Methods: Twelve experimental groups of Swiss albino male and ...