Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

christian zionism, as an extremist christian movement, based on certain literal interpretations of the holy scripture, tend to materialize its deterministic prophetical beliefs so that to provide the ground for the reappearance of the christ at the end of the world. on the basis of this, the movement believes that men ought to pass seven phases or destinies which will lead to the reappearance o...

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to estimate vertical ground surface movement when soils expand and contract due to changes in soil moisture content caused by changing climate conditions. Several counterpropagation ANN test cases were investigated to map climate data (i.e. temperature and rainfall) to vertical ground surface movement at field sites in Texas and Australia. Three of the...