Optimality conditions and comparative static properties of the optimal Mirrleesian nonlinear income tax are obtained for a nite population and quasilinear-in-consumption preferences. Contrary to Weymark (1987) who considers quasilinear-in-leisure preferences, the linearity with respect to gross income, which is observed by the government and used as a tax base, is lost. A reduced-form optimal i...

The United States has a much more unequal distribution of income than most developed nations. In fact, although it has one of the highest standards of living on average, as measured by its gross domestic product per capita, the more unequal income distribution translates into comparatively high rates of both relative poverty (50 percent of median disposable income) and absolute poverty (the off...

In this study I discuss the pros and cons of using net income vs. gross income in gross income-shares states. It is argued that the “standardized net” approach is the best approach in determining child support awards based on the combined principles of equity and accuracy. However most states use gross income approaches for the sake of simplicity. Such gross income approaches can generate biase...

A right of access to health care services is among the economic and social rights guaranteed by the Constitution of South Africa. Given the jurisprudential novelty of such a right and its dependence on economic resources, however, its realization is likely to be difficult to secure. The article discusses the scope and limitations of the right of access to health care in South Africa. Though the...

Experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Kermanshah to shed lights on economic analysis of deficit irrigation and integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizer son cultivation of medicinal plant Borage (Borago officinalis L). Irrigation tritments include: a) 30% less water than crop requires invegetative, b) inreprodu...

We examined the relation between infant mortality rates, gross national product, and income distribution. Our findings support the hypothesis that average measures of population health are influenced by the distribution of income within societies.

The distribution of gross income net of taxes and transfers – or equivalently consumption – is generally considered a reasonable approximation of the distribution of well-being in the society. One typically observes differing trends in the distribution of gross incomes across countries or within the same country over time. Where do these inequalities originate from? Considering a simple model w...

The new children’s allowances1 (“child benefit”) program in the United Kingdom recently completed its 3-year phase-in period, begun in 1977. The new program is the first major reform of family support since the introduction of children’s allowances in 1946. It merges two kinds of allowances that previously benefited families with childrenthe taxable social security cash payments made to all fam...

background: investment in science is vital for the development and well-being of societies. this study aims to assess the scientific productivity of countries by quantifying their publication of systematic reviews taking the gross national income per capita (gnipc) into account. methods: medline and isi web of science were searched for systematic reviews published between 1st january 2006 and 3...