OBJECTIVES Grooming has important utilitarian and social functions in primates but little is known about grooming and its functional analogues in traditional human societies. We compare human grooming to typical primate patterns to test its hygienic and social functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were used to derive expected human grooming time given the potential a...

Electrical stimulation of the paraventricular (PVH) and adjacent hypothalamic area evokes self-grooming behaviour. Current intensity thresholds for grooming can be obtained depending on the exact localization of the electrode site. Sites localized at greater distance of the center of the grooming area evoke grooming at greater latencies and higher current intensity, or no grooming at all. Resul...

Stress has long been known to affect grooming in rodent species, altering both its activity measures and behavioural microstructure. Since stress disturbs a general pattern of self-grooming uninterrupted cephalocaudal progression, the grooming analysis algorithm (Kalueff and Tuohimaa, Brain Res. Protocols, 2004; 15: 151-8) was previously designed for mice to enable the detection of stress by me...

There is a mismatch between lightpath channel capacity and traffic request capacity in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical mesh networks. Traffic grooming is needed to resolve this mismatch in an efficient way. We study the dynamic traffic grooming problem in WDM mesh networks using the fixed-alternate routing (FAR) approach. Based on the FAR approach, we propose the fixed-order groom...

Social grooming is a common form of affiliative behavior in primates. Biological market theory suggests that grooming can be traded either for grooming or other social commodities and services. When no other services are exchanged, grooming is predicted to be approximately reciprocated within a dyad. In contrast, the amount of reciprocal grooming should decrease as other offered services increa...

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachiumrosenbergii, is a large shrimp extensively used in aquaculture whose grooming behaviors were analyzed in this study. Macrobrachiumrosenbergii exhibits three unique male morphotypes that differ in their behavior, morphology and physiology: small-clawed males (SM), orange-clawed males (OC) and blue-clawed males (BC). The largest and most dominant males, BC...

Traffic grooming deals with efficiently packing/unpacking low-speed connections onto high-capacity trunks. We examine traffic grooming for optical mesh networks by reviewing grooming-node architectures, traffic models, grooming policies, novel graph models, survivable grooming, and hierarchical switching, etc. @2003 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.4250) Networks; (060.4510) Optical ...

Grooming patterns among 65 common vampire bats in hollow tree day roosts were studied by behavioural sampling techniques during a 15-month period. Self-grooming occurred more than social grooming in response to ectoparasites since the proportion of time spent self-grooming and the amount of ectoparasite infestation covaried positively among tree roosts, while the time spent grooming others was ...

As the operation of our ber-optic backbone networks migrates from interconnected SONET rings to arbitrary mesh topology, traÆc grooming on WDM mesh networks becomes an extremely important research problem. To address this problem, we propose a new, generic graph model for traÆc grooming in heterogeneous WDM mesh networks. The novelty of our model is that, by only manipulating the edges of the a...

129S1/SvImJ (129S1), NMRI and BALB/c mice are widely used in behavioural research, demonstrating marked strain differences in their behavioural phenotypes. Grooming is a complex and essential ritual in the rodent behavioural repertoire with a general cephalocaudal progression (forepaws-nose-face-body-legs-tail and genitals). Various stressors as well as genetic manipulations have been reported ...