This study tested the bond strength of three types of bonding agents to ground and unground enamel, and examined the specimens after testing to see where they had failed. Seventytwo bovine incisors were used in the research. Half of the teeth were assigned to the Ground Enamel Group and were prepared by grinding the facial to produce a flat surface for bonding. The other 32 teeth (the Unground ...

There has been a great deal of work on the formation of hard white-etching regions in conventional bearing steels such as 1C-1.5Cr wt% when subjected repeatedly to rolling contact stresses. The regions are a consequence of localised mechanical attrition across microcrack faces and mixing, which refine the local structure and force cementite to dissolve. This white-etching matter is often associ...

In this experimental work, by using the method of plasma-chemical etching, we have dealt with the causes of the creation of a distorted layer on the surface of silicon wafers during mechanical machining processes, in addition, the elucidation of connections between the structure of this layer and characteristic parameters of the mechanical strength of these wafers have been studied. Experimenta...

An environmentally benign, fast and convenient protocol has been developed for the Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to β-nitroalkenes in good to excellent yields by a grinding method under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions.

A valuable characteristic of the "IPS Empress" used for producing all ceramic dental restorations is that it is a prefired ceramic ingot. The ingot is heated, softened and press-injected into the cavity, and ceramic restorations are fabricated by the lost wax casting method. The leucite crystal present in the ingot are scattered and distributed into the glassy phase in a more homogeneous manner...

The study aimed to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment on corrosion protection aluminum alloy 7075-T6 in sodium chloride solution using cerium acetate as a inhibitor. Different pretreatments were tested: (i) mechanical grinding, (ii) grinding and non-water diamond polishing, (iii) alkaline etching with NaOH acid desmutting, (iv) cleaning commercial SurTec cleaner desmutting. Topograp...

It is also being explored for new applications such as nanorods, [ 9 ] domain physics, [ 10 ] and nanodevices. [ 11,12 ] Transfer of PZT thin fi lms can allow integration of such fi lms on substrates that are incompatible with the requirements of fi lm deposition. However, transfer of functional ceramic thin fi lms has long been hampered by the diffi culty of detaching the fi lm from the growth...

The tribological and mechanical behavior of coated tools depends not only on intrinsic properties of the deposited film but also on substrate surface and subsurface properties – such as topography and residual stress state – as well as on interface adhesion strength. It is particularly true in the case of coated tools based on WC-Co cemented carbides (backbone materials of the tool manufacturin...

The effects of HF/NH4F, wet chemical etching on the morphology of individual surface fractures (indentations, scratches) and of an ensemble of surface fractures (ground surfaces) on fused silica glass has been characterized. For the individual surface fractures, a series of static or dynamic (sliding) Vickers and Brinnell indenters were used to create radial, lateral, Hertzian cone and trailing...