Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived primarily from fossil fuels. With petroleum oil reserves becoming depleted and the drive to establish a bio-based economy, there is a push to produce binders from alternative sources, particularly from biorenewable resources. However, until now, no research has studied the applicability of utilizing bio-oils a...

Soil improvement using biopolymers has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with the aim to reduce harmful environmental effects of traditional materials, such as cement. This paper aims provide a review on assessment binders soil improvement, biopolymer-treated characteristics, well most important factors affecting behavior treated soil. In more detail, benefits and concerns about...

A textured dielectric substrate for a broadband miniature antenna was fabricated using a thermoplastic green machining. This substrate comprised of three steps with optimized distribution of a dielectric ceramic (Bi–Ba–Nd–Titania; BBNT) and an epoxy. At first, a thermoplastic compound, consisting of BBNT particles and thermoplastic binders, was machined precisely using a mini-computer numeric c...

Enhancing Green Paving in Oklahoma Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles Prof. Musharraf Zaman School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science Each year, an estimated 11 million tons of old asphalt shingles from roofs are disposed of in the United States. In Oklahoma, it costs between $50 and $150 per ton, depending on size and kind of debris, to dispose of these materials in landfills. Recent ...

We investigate regular languages on infinite alphabets where words may contain binders on names. To this end, classical regular expressions and automata are extended with binders. We prove the equivalence between finite automata on binders and regular expressions with binders and investigate closure properties and complementation of regular languages with binders.

Binders manufactured using a blend of gypsum, ground granulated blast furnace slag and Portland cements are technically viable and possess considerable environmental and economic advantages when compared to binders manufactured using Portland cement alone. As such, the evaluation of binders made from these materials offers a promising research focus in the quest to produce technically sound, en...

We introduce weak binders, a lightweight construct to deal withfresh names in nominal calculi. Weak binders do not define the scopeof names as precisely as the standard ν-binders, yet they enjoy strongsemantic properties. We provide them with a denotational seman-tics, an equational theory, and a trace inclusion preorder. Further-more, we present a trace-preserving mappi...

As a result of global warming, the pursuance low-carbon, sustainable building materials has been prioritized. The development geopolymer/cement-less binders can be considered an innovative and green way forward to minimize carbon footprint tackle industrial waste material utilization. However, chemical composition properties waste-derived geopolymer varies considerably based on compositions sou...