This paper proposes a new method for reduction of the number of gray-levels in an image. The proposed approach achieves gray-level reduction using both the image gray-levels and additional local spatial features. Both gray-level and local feature values feed a self-organized neural network classifier. After training, the neurons of the output competition layer of the SOFM define the gray-level ...

Background: Jaw bone quality plays an essential role in treatment planning and prognosis of dental implants. Regarding several available methods for bone density measurements, they are not routinely used before implant surgery due to hard accessibility.Objective: An in vitro investigation of correlation between average gray scale in direct digital radiographs and Hounsfield units in CT-Scan pro...

Most gray images don’t always require an 8-bit representation for each pixel; in particular, a pixel of texture images may even be coded in no more than 5 bits (32 gray levels). Adequately enough it is probable that between 16 to 32 levels of gray could be a suitable threshold for most gray level texture image representation, before the image shows signs of false contouring or any notable rough...

to evaluate the effect of gamma rays on the seeds and amounts of nitrogen on growth and yield of chamomile (chamomilla recutita synonym matricaria chamomilla), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of agriculture college of shahid-beheshti.-urmia in 2010. treatments were gamma rays from cobalt-60 on chamomile ...

Micromachining arbitrary 3D silicon structures for micro-electromechanical systems can be accomplished using gray-scale lithography along with dry anisotropic etching. In this study we have investigated two important design limitations for gray-scale lithography: the minimum usable pixel size and maximum usable pitch size. Together with the resolution of the projection lithography system and th...

We propose a method based on the maximum-likelihood technique for removing speckle patterns that plague coherent images. The proposed method is designed for images whose gray levels vary continuously in space. The image model is based on a lattice of nodes corresponding to vertices of triangles in which the gray level of each pixel is produced by linear interpolation. A constraint on isoline gr...

in this research, the coupling between non-gray radiation and separation convection flow in a duct is investigated numerically. distributions of absorption coefficients across the spectrum  are obtained from the hitran2008 database. the full-spectrum k-distribution method is used to deal with the non-gray part of the problem, while the gray radiation calculations are performed using the planck ...