abstract this research studies the relationship between students’ and teachers’ appreciation and anticipation of the classroom atmosphere and the students’ educational promotion. to this end, 44 fifth grade classes were randomly selected from kashan city out of each 4 boys and girls were drawn out (totally 176) together with their teachers (n=44). data were collected using social mental classro...

We cannot let the January number of the Gazette which, for 48 years, lias represented the work and the interests of the Indian Medical Service, go to press without recalling to our readers the interesting fact that The Indian Medical Service takes its date as a regular medical establishment with fixed grades, and definite rules for promotion from grade to grade from 1st January 1764, or 150 yea...

Many educators and policymakers have argued for lenient grade promotion policy – even automatic promotion – in developing country settings where grade repetition rates are high. The argument rests on the assumptions that repetition discourages persistence or continuation in school and that the promotion of children with lower achievement does not hamper their ability or their peer’s ability to ...

In 2002, Florida adopted a test-based promotion policy in the third grade in an attempt to end social promotion. Similar policies are currently operating in Texas, New York City, and Chicago and affect at least 17 percent of public school students nationwide. Using individuallevel data on the universe of public school students in Florida, we analyze the impact of grade retention on student prof...

BACKGROUND Based on the World Health Organization's global school health initiative we investigate intervention effects of statewide health promotion in schools on the numbers of children's sick days and visits to a physician, and parental days off work due to child illness. METHODS Cluster-randomized trial with 1-year follow-up in primary schools in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. A...

Low-achieving students in many school districts are retained in a grade in order to allow them to gain the academic or social skills that teachers believe are necessary to succeed academically. In this paper, we use plausibly exogenous variation in retention generated by a test-based promotion policy to assess the causal impact of grade retention on high school completion. We find that retentio...

conclusions female and older students are at higher risk of developing unhealthy lifestyle. consequently, healthcare providers, health instructors, schoolteachers, and families must pay more attention to these students. moreover, as most of lifelong healthy and unhealthy lifestyle habits are established during adolescence, developing effective health promotion and disease prevention strategies ...

i.p.s. hypergroups are canonical hypergroups such that$[forall(a,x),a+xni x]longrightarrow[a+x=x].$i.p.s. hypergroups were investigated in [1], [2], [3], [4] and it was proved thatif the order is less than 9, they are strongly canonical (see [13]). in this paperwe obtain the sequences of fuzzy sets and of join spaces determined (see [8])by all i.p.s. hypergroups of order seven. for the meaning ...