introduction: nowadays, efficient use of scarce water resources is one of the government’s importantgoals for dealing sustainable development in the agricultural sector. in addition to optimal exploitation and using of surface and groundwater resources, choosing of efficient types of irrigation technologies is a very important factor in sustainable water resource management. this study tries to...

OBJECTIVES Health in All Policies (HiAP) has been promoted as a means of embedding concern for health impacts in the policy-making process. In South Australia, specific structures and processes to achieve this have been developed and tested. PARTICIPANTS The HiAP approach is designed to engage policy officers and managers in all sectors of government. SETTING South Australia, one of six Aus...

Successful implementation of water-quality management requires accurate scientific knowledge of water systems and sound judgment about environmental policy. This dual requirement calls for interactions between water scientists, managers, and policy experts who can jointly interpret and synthesize the data necessary for decision-making. With regard to non-point source (NPS) pollution in the Unit...

This article describes prospective population policies and programs that may be implemented in the Pacific Island Countries during the post-International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) era (i.e., by the year 2005, the target date of the ICPD Program of Action). Some of the positive indicators in the Pacific Islands are a high annual average income level, high average life ...

The Reef Water Quality Protection Plan (Reef Plan) defined a landmark for policy in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) region. It identifies actions, mechanisms and partnerships, and builds on existing Government policies, industry and community initiatives for the purpose of “halting and reversing the decline in water quality entering the Reef within 10 years” through, “reducing the load of pollutan...

This article addresses policymaking related to Emergency Care Units (ECU) in the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2007 and 2013, duly identifying the relationships between the various levels of government in this process. It prioritized the context of policy formulation, the factors that motivated the inclusion and maintenance of ECUs on the state agenda and the process of how the policy was imp...

1 This paper analyses the use of economic instruments for control of water pollution in four OECD countries-Denmark, France, Germany and the Netherlands-from 1970-1990. While there is now a vast theoretical literature on the use of economic or market-like instruments, this study is the first empirical investigation of the use of such instruments in a comparative perspective. And although the sp...

An essential challenge for many developing countries is improvement of water supply system to ensure urban water supply safety and reliability. Penalty, subsidy and water price increase are often considered as the main incentive measures for improving urban water supply system. However, the implementation of these policies is confronting some uncertainties because of the conflicts of involved a...