The role and the place of the People's Republic of China among developing countries that become industrialized are absolutely especial. Today, this country reaches the level of ability that has the power of competition with the world's largest economies such as the U.S. The secret of this achievement should be examined in the unity of decision and absolute support of government in doing economi...

after reza khan took power and established a powerful central government, the way was paved for planning reforms in iran. among these reforms was the improvement of the status of women, which tried to make iran similar to the west. this goal accounts for the removal of hijab and changing the appearance of the people. in the present study, through library research, the authors investigated how p...

Public hospitals play an important role in the delivery of essential healthcare in Australia as in many countries. The Australian Government has in the recent years implemented national healthcare reform to improve the performance of and access to public hospital services. This reform extends to all public hospitals including remote hospitals. However, there is limited information on how reform...

Since 1997, local government in the United Kingdom has found itself at the sharp end of an ambitious programme of potentially far-reaching reforms known collectively as the `local government modernisation agenda' (LGMA). These initiatives are intended to promote `joined-up government' and holistic service deliveryötwo of the hallmarks of New Labour's approach to public service improvement. To d...

Starting in January 2002, the majority of the Norwegian Parliament transferred the ownership of all public hospitals from the county governments to the central state. This round of reforms represents the most recent attempt by the central government to resolve major problems in the Norwegian health care system. In this paper, we describe these reforms and the problems they are intended to remed...

Article history: Received 21 June 2009 Received in revised form 6 April 2010 Accepted 27 June 2010 Available online 29 July 2010 Rational choice models predict that political competition and political participation have opposite effects on the size of government. We investigate these theories using data from a panel of 18 Latin American countries during the 20th century. Our research builds evi...

How do International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy reforms-so-called 'conditionalities'-affect government health expenditures? We collected archival documents on IMF programmes from 1995 to 2014 to identify the pathways and impact of conditionality on government health spending in 16 West African countries. Based on a qualitative analysis of the data, we find that IMF policy reforms reduce fiscal ...