in this paper, we are interested to study the sine-gordon equation in generalized functions theory introduced by colombeau, in the first we give result of existence and uniqueness of generalized solution with initial data are distributions (elements of the colombeau algebra). then we study the association concept with the classical solution.

In this paper, we solve a inhomogeneous fractional Klein-Gordon equation by the method of separating variables. We apply the method for three boundary conditions, contain Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin boundary conditions, and solve some examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.

Angelica urumiensis Mozaff. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. are described as new species from Iran. Aphanopleura trachysperma Boiss. and Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. urens (Req. ex Gordon) Čelak are reported as new records from Iran.

A family of deformed models the sine–Gordon-type can be generated by twisting sine–Gordon model. As a particular case, 3-sine–Gordon model is here addressed, whose differential configurational entropy and complexity three topological sectors are discussed using two complementary approaches. Stability aspects also discussed.

McCalla's ecological approach to e-learning systems [2] is described as “attaching models of learners to the learning objects they interact with, and then mining these models for patterns that are useful for various purposes.” The starting point of our research is to honour McCalla's ecological approach by identifying which users in a system are similar to each other, to then preferentially rec...

A succinct presentation of the algebraic structure of the quantized Klein-Gordon field can be given in terms of a Lorentz invariant inner product. A presentation of a classical Klein-Gordon random field at non-zero temperature can be given in the same noncommutative algebraic style, allowing a detailed comparison of the quantized Klein-Gordon field with a classical Klein-Gordon random field.