A new type of cosmic-ray experiment is under construction in the Pyhäsalmi mine in the underground laboratory of the University of Oulu, Finland. It aims to study the composition of cosmic rays at and above the knee region. The experiment, called EMMA, will cover approximately 150 m of detector area. The array is capable of measuring the multiplicity and the lateral distribution of underground ...

abandoned surface mine excavations can be a major environmental, social and/or human healthproblem for the mining industry as well as for the community living nearby. this problem is exacerbated by therapidly growing population encroaching on areas of historic mined lands. the aim of this studywas to assess thesafety status of the historic nyala mine excavation with the purpose of coming up wit...

The activities of mining exploitation in Campo de Jales were performed in an uncontrolled way and gave rise to serious environmental contamination: rubbish depositories have been accumulated with no treatment or maintenance. An investigation developed around Jales Mine showed the existence of some chemical impact originated from the waste produced during mining activities. Some "black spots" fo...

this study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the issue of tailings dams as a potential source of contamination by trace elements in soils at the sidi bou othmane mine in the marrakech region, morocco. soil samples taken from depths of up to 15 cm and within a radius of 50 m from the tailings dams, were analyzed for cd, cu, pb and zn using atomic absorption spectrometry. average c...

Metal price is one of the most important parameters in the calculation of cut- off grade. The cut- off grade has the main role in determination of mine layout. Mine layout actuates mineable reserve, mine life and economic profitability. Not considering the uncertainty in metal prices can lead to a non-optimal layout. In this paper optimum underground mine layout is determined by expected utilit...

A a common chronic illness among children and youth, affects one school-aged child in 11, or two to three students in a class of 30. Asthma accounts for 14 million lost school days each year. Students with asthma miss instruction while in the health room and may not be fully alert due to lack of sleep from night­ time asthma symptoms. Schools often lose funding for student absences. Schools are...

The Infostations wireless data network architecture features discontinuous coverage and ultra-high radio rates for burst transfers of information between base and mobile. It has been shown previously that the infostations architecture can greatly increase the capacity of wireless data systems at the expense of increased delivery delay. In this work we explicitly consider the multiple access iss...

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Paul W. Bauer is an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Allen N. Berger is a senior economist at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and David B. Humphrey is a professor of finance at Florida State University. The authors would like to thank Knox Love11 and James Thomson for helpful comments, and Alex Wolman and Fadi Alameddine for outstanding research assistance.