We develop a general theory for the goodness-of-fit test to non-linear models. In particular, we assume that observations are noisy samples of submanifold defined by sufficiently smooth map. The observation noise is additive Gaussian. Our main result shows “residual” model fit, solving least-square problem, follows (possibly noncentral) χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmln...

Flood hydrograph simulation is affected by uncertainty in Rainfall – Runoff )RR( parameters. Uncertainty of RR parameters in Gharasoo catchment, part of the great Karkheh river basin, is evaluated by Monte–Carlo (MC) approach. A conceptual-distributed model, called ModClark, was used for basin simulation, in which the basin’s hydrograph was determined using the superposition of runoff generated...