Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which affects whole body systems including reproductive system. Diabetes is also a contributing factor to infertility. Metformin is one of the most common drugs to control hyperglycemia. In this study, 36 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats (170-210 g) were divided into 3 groups (control, diabetic and diabetic-treated by metformin). In second and third groups, diab...

diabetes is a metabolic disorder which affects whole body systems including reproductive system. diabetes is also a contributing factor to infertility. metformin is one of the most common drugs to control hyperglycemia. in this study, 36 adult sprague-dawley female rats (170-210 g) were divided into 3 groups (control, diabetic and diabetic-treated by metformin). in second and third groups, diab...

Introduction: As sex differences have been observed repeatedly in chronic pain, it is likely that the gonadal hormones are responsible for these differences. To investigate the responsible mechanism for chronic pain different models have been created. This study is examining the effects of gonadal hormones on nociceptive responses of the rats in CCI (chronic constriction injury) and SNI (spread...

introduction: sex differences are observed in the development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of opioid drugs such as morphine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. critical role of glutamate in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance has been reported by many investigators. there are also evidences about interaction between gonadal hormones and neuromodulatory syste...

to study the effect of dietary animal and plant lipids on gonadal differents and sex steroid hormones levels of blood in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the four diets was formulated based on 15% fat. the control uses 100% oil, fish oil was treated in the first, second and third respectively 25% and 75% fish oil, soybean oil, canola and cotton were used. after six weeks of feeding fish wit...

There are various sex differences in sleep/wake behaviors mice. However, it is unclear whether there sleep homeostasis and arousal responses gonadal hormones involved these differences. Here, we examined under baseline condition, after deprivation by gentle handling, to repeated cage changes male female C57BL/6 mice that hormonally intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized with hormone suppleme...

background: asparagus is a plant with high nutritional, pharmaceutical, and industrial values. objective: the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of asparagus roots on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones and oogenesis in female rats. materials and methods: in this experimental study, 40 adult female wistar rats were divided into five groups, which consist ...

Nitric oxide-containing neurons are widely distributed within the CNS, including regions involved in the control of reproduction and sexual behavior. The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase is influenced by testosterone in male rat, and by estrogens in female. Moreover, nitric oxide synthase may co-localize with gonadal hormones' receptors. Gonadal hormones may influence nitric oxide s...

Introduction: Sex differences are observed in the development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect of opioid drugs such as morphine, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Critical role of glutamate in the development and maintenance of opioid tolerance has been reported by many investigators. There are also evidences about interaction between gonadal hormones and neuromodulatory sy...