introduction: in order to determine the multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype due to p-glycoprotein expression in haematological malignancies including acute myeloblastic leukemia (aml), a well-characterized p-gp expressing cell line was required to validate and standardize flow cytometric assays and to calibrate instruments. therefore, this resistant subline of k562 was established for the firs...

background and objectives: glycoprotein 96 is the primary chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum. immunization with it induced potent cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to intracellular bacteria. s. typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium and acquired resistance against this bacterium mainly depends on activity of cytotoxic t cells. this study aimed to evaluate the capacity of glycop...

ischemic stroke accounts for about 87 percent of all cases. it occurs as a result of an obstruction within a vessel of the brain and sudden loss of blood circulation to the corresponding area resulting in the loss of brain function. it is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of an artery and is more common than hemorrhagic stroke. we know that most of the injuries after an acute ischemic s...

there is a great concern about the effect of propoxur, as one of the more common n-methyl carbamate pesticides, on human health due to its extensive use in agricultural and non-agricultural applications. caco-2 cells became resistant to propoxur, and the resistance was confirmed through mtt assay. then the cell membrane integrity and p-glycoprotein expression were measured by ldh assay and west...

objective(s):transporters have an important role in pharmacokinetics of drugs. inhibition or induction of drug transporters activity can affect drug absorption, safety, and efficacy. p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is the most important membrane transporter that is responsible for active efflux of drugs. it is important to understand which drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of p-gp to minimize...

Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87 percent of all cases. It occurs as a result of an obstruction within a vessel of the brain and sudden loss of blood circulation to the corresponding area resulting in the loss of brain function. It is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of an artery and is more common than hemorrhagic stroke. We know that most of the injuries after an acute ischemic s...

Introduction: To attach the fetus to the endometrial epithelium, the endometrium should be affected and allowed by the steroid hormones secreted from the ovary. Thus, the endometrium is then subject to several structural and biochemical changes. Implantation involves the embedment, adhesion and invasion steps that specific receptors are engaged in that. The role of membrane receptors in uterine...

background: the frequency of the multi-drug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene c3435t polymorphism differs in various ethnical populations such as asian, african, and caucasians populations. a silent c3435t polymorphism in exon 26 of mdr1 has been reported to be associated with a decreased expression of p-gp in tt genotypes carriers compared with cc genotypes carriers. materials and methods: to evaluate ...

background: activated normal platelets undergo many biochemical and morphological changes, some of which are apoptotic. platelet derived microparticles and shrinked platelets as hallmark of platelet activation and apoptosis disperse surfaces containing procoagulant activity around injured vessels and tissues. this study was conducted to determine microparticles formation and platelet shrinkage ...

introduction: vaccinology provides promising approaches for the control of various infectious diseases. among different strategies, dna vaccines offer attractive research opportunities for development of vaccines for induction of antigen-specific immunity owing to their stability, simplicity of delivery, safety and cost effectiveness. however, there is a need to increase their potency by the us...