AIMS Gestational diabetes mellitus affects approximately 7% of all pregnant women. Some of these women develop autoantibodies that are generally characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. Autoantibodies targeting glutamic acid decarboxylase and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein are the most frequently reported. A recently identified autoantigen in Type 1 diabetes is zinc transporter 8. Some reports sug...

Background: Patients with stiff-person syndrome (SPS) have circulating antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the synthesis of -aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although the patients’ symptoms of stiffness and unexpected spasms can be explained on the basis of reduced or impaired inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA, it is unclear whether the lev...

In a previous communication experiments were described in which several substances structurally related to glutamic acid were tested for the inhibition of utilization of glutamic acid by Lactobacillus arabinosus (1). In the present communication these substances, together with a number of others, were tested for their inhibition of bacterial glutamic decarboxylase. The mechanisms of action of a...

OBJECTIVES To expand the spectrum of the clinical presentation of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies-related limbic encephalitis and to improve the recognition of this entity. DESIGN Case study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT An 11-year-old-girl with progressive mood and behavioral disorder, speech impairment, and short-term memory impairment who manifested cerebellar ataxi...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus is now classified as autoimmune (type 1A) or idiopathic (type 1B), but little is known about the latter. We classified 56 consecutive Japanese adults with type 1 diabetes according to the presence or absence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (their presence is a marker of autoimmunity) and compared their clinical, serologic, and pathologic...

AIM To gain insight into the presence of islet cell autoimmunity in an ethnic Asian compared with a white European population. METHODS For this cross-sectional study we recruited people with adult-onset diabetes (age of diagnosis 20-60 years), at tertiary referral centres in Germany (n=1020) and Singapore (n=1088). Glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen 2 antibodies were measured accor...

OBJECTIVE To increase the recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies-related encephalitis in childhood. DESIGN Case report and review of the literature. PATIENT A 6-year-old girl who had developed refractory seizures, developmental regression, and type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 25 months. INTERVENTIONS Blood analysis, electroencephalogram, cerebral magnetic resonance imagi...