The anatomy of the atlas (first cervical vertebrae, C1) exhibits complex, threedimensional structures, showing extensive variability in morphology from other cervical vertebrae. 1 It is located at critical point close to the vital centers of the medulla oblongata which can get compressed by a dislocation of the atlanto axial complex or instability of the atlanto axial joint. 2 The atlas holds t...

BACKGROUND Point-of-care ultrasound has been widely used by clinicians, particularly those in emergency care settings. FINDINGS A 44-year-old male who sustained a blunt ocular trauma resulting in acute vision loss due to posterior dislocation of the crystalline lens identified by point-of-care ultrasound is described in the study. Point-of-care ultrasound with a high linear-array transducer w...

IT is not easy for beginners to understand the actions of the extrinsic ocular muscles by simple reference to the geometry of their arrangement and attachments. A working model has been designed which has been found useful for demonstrating these actions, both singly and in groups. The requirements of a satisfactory model are that it should be large enough for movements to be easily seen and th...

background: prevalence of recurrent shoulder dislocation in patients taking tramadol has not been studiedyet so, this study aims to study the recurrent shoulder dislocation following tramadol induced seizure. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 205 patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation complaints (2 or more) referred to shafa orthopedic and iranmehr hospitals tehran, iran, from octob...

Background: Prevalence of recurrent shoulder dislocation in patients taking tramadol has not been studiedyet so, this study aims to study the recurrent shoulder dislocation following tramadol induced seizure. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 205 patients with recurrent shoulder dislocation complaints (2 or more) referred to Shafa Orthopedic and Iranmehr hospitals Tehran, Iran, from Oc...

absractall perilunate fracture-dislocations combine bone avulsions, ligament disruptionand fractures in different forms. the most frequent pattern is the dorsal transscaphoidperilunate fracture-dislocation. the reported risk of missed initial diagnosisin perilunate dislocations is as high as 20%. concerning pathomechanics of theperilunate fracture-dislocation, it should be noted that most dorsa...

introduction arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (amc) with incidence of 1 in 3000 of births is characterized by multiple rigid joint and soft-tissue contractures. case presentation we present a case of amc with severe soft tissue and joints contractures, especially joints of lower limb and elbows, bilateral complete dislocation of hips (cdh) and knees (cdk) (type iii), bilateral elbow joint dis...

we report a rare, severe case of traumatic globe avulsion and its assessment and management. a 60-year-old man was presented with complete globe avulsion following a facial trauma. left globe was luxated out of the orbit. no direct or indirect light reflexes or any eye movement could be noted. ct-scan showed complete laceration of the left optic nerve, globe protrusion and multiple orbital bone...