We studied the efficiency and effects of the multiple sensory cues of tiger moths on echolocating bats. We used the northern long-eared bat, Myotis septentrionalis, a purported moth specialist that takes surface-bound prey (gleaning) and airborne prey (aerial hawking), and the dogbane tiger moth, Cycnia tenera, an eared species unpalatable to bats that possesses conspicuous colouration and soun...

A wide variety of valuable textual information resides on the Web, but very little is in a machineunderstandable form such as XML. Instead, the content is usually embedded in HTML markup or other encodings designed for human consumption. The information extraction task is to automatically populate a database with content gleaned from information sources such as Web pages. Wrappers are an import...

which threatens to swamp the Internet's promised productivity gains, educational benefits, and entertainment value. In recent years, computer science has risen to this challenge, with substantial progress on systems for retrieving and filtering text. Information extraction systems provide a complementary service. IE is the task of identifying the specific fragments of a single document that con...

Many predators and parasites eavesdrop on the communication signals of their prey. Eavesdropping is typically studied as dyadic predator-prey species interactions; yet in nature, most predators target multiple prey species and most prey must evade multiple predator species. The impact of predator communities on prey signal evolution is not well understood. Predators could converge in their pref...

Use of gap (created by tree falls) and non-gap forest understory sites by migrating birds in central Illinois was studied during spring and autumn for three years (19781980). Fruit and understory foliage were concentrated in gaps. Birds that relied on these resources (foliage-gleaning insectivores, frugivores in autumn) used gaps more than non-gaps. Birds that fed on food other than fruit and f...

Gleaning insectivorous bats that forage by using echolocation within dense forest vegetation face the sensorial challenge of acoustic masking effects. Active perception of silent and motionless prey in acoustically cluttered environments by echolocation alone has thus been regarded impossible. The gleaning insectivorous bat Micronycteris microtis however, forages in dense understory vegetation ...

We place Schwartz’s work on the real dynamics of the projective heat map H into the complex perspective by computing its first dynamical degree and gleaning some corollaries about the dynamics of H.