A novel microelectrode modification method is reported for neural electrode engineering with a flake nanostructure (nanoflake). The nanoflake-modified electrodes are fabricated by combining conventional lithography and electrochemical deposition to implement a microelectrode array (MEA) on a glass substrate. The unique geometrical properties of nanoflake sharp tips and valleys are studied by op...

The multidimensional topography of the collective potential energy function of a so-called strong glass former (silica) is analyzed by means of classical molecular dynamics calculations. Features qualitatively similar to those of fragile glasses are recovered at high temperatures : in particular an intrinsic characteristic temperature T c ' 3500K is evidenced above which the system starts to in...

We prepare metastable glassy states in a model glass former made of Lennard-Jones particles by sampling biased ensembles of trajectories with low dynamical activity. These trajectories form an inactive dynamical phase whose "fast" vibrational degrees of freedom are maintained at thermal equilibrium by contact with a heat bath, while the "slow" structural degrees of freedom are located in deep v...

There is a growing belief that the mode coupling theory is the proper microscopic theory for the dynamics of the undercooled liquid above and around a critical temperature T c. In addition, there is some evidence that the system leaves the saddlepoints of the energy landscape to settle in the valleys at this critical temperature. Finally, there is a microscopic theory for the entropy at the cal...

There is a growing belief that the mode coupling theory is the proper microscopic theory for the dynamics of the undercooled liquid above a critical temperature T c. In addition, there is some evidence that the system leaves the saddlepoints of the energy landscape to settle in the valleys at this critical temperature. Finally, there is a microscopic theory for the entropy at the calorimetric g...

The issues of loss of quality of life and functional disruption of the river valleys are very important. In the present settlement system, the river valleys should not be places for reproducing poverty. To link the environmental values with urban development, the research is to answer the following question: How can the results of the integrated development of urban valleys be achieved via urba...

Exact results for ground states and low-lying excitations of short-range ISING spin glass systems in three dimensions are presented. Using an exact method of non-linear discrete optimization "valley struc-tures" in the phase space can be analysed for nite systems. The existence of nontrivial breaking of ergodicity at zero temperature is shown by arranging the highly degenerated ground states in...