This paper proposes a Micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) capacitive pressure sensor that relies on the movable electrode displaced like a flat plate equal to the maximum center deflection of diaphragm. The diaphragm, movable electrode and mechanical coupling are made of polysilicon, gold and Si3N4, respectively. The fixed electrode is gold and the substrate is Pyrex glass. This proposed method inc...

1. A continuously recording glass electrode apparatus has been described for measuring carbon dioxide concentration changes in solution. The limits of applicability of the apparatus have been analyzed. 2. The glass electrode apparatus has been used for the measurement of transient rates of photosynthesis by algal suspensions. 3. The decline of the photosynthetic rate in high light at carbon dio...

In this contribution, a capillary electrophoresis microdevice with an integrated on-chip contactless four-electrode conductivity detector is presented. A 6-cm-long, 70-microm-wide, and 20-microm-deep channel was etched in a glass substrate that was bonded to a second glass substrate in order to form a sealed channel. Four contactless electrodes (metal electrodes covered by 30-nm silicon carbide...

A new computer program (GLEE, glass electrode evaluation) has been written for the calibration of a glass electrode by means of a strong acid-strong base titration. This program provides an estimate of the carbonate contamination of the base, the pseudo-Nernstian standard potential and slope of the electrode and, optionally, the concentration of the base and pK(W.) The program runs under the Wi...

In a recent article 1 the authors have described a new type of glass electrode, which is of convenient size, and a t the same time of sufficiently low resistance for accurate work. Such an electrode is shown diagrammatically on the right-hand side of Fig. 1. The lower end of glass tube A supports the glass diaphragm D which in our experiments has been about 0.001 ram. thick. The tube A is par t...

It lhas been possible to miniatuirize the glass pH electrode to an extent tllat it can be uised to measture the intraltiminal pH of single mammalian nephrons(l). There are, however, a nutmber of problems that arise from the miniaturization process. Thlese includ(le electrode insulation, the incorporation of a suitable reference electrode witlh the pH glass electrode, an(d the ultimate achievabl...

Intraluminal pH monitoring in man should be performed with disposable multichannel assemblies that allow recordings at multiple sites and prevent transmission of infection. Currently available glass electrodes are unsuitable for this purpose because of their size and price. We have thus constructed and tested a small, combined ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) pH electrode incorpora...

stract-This paper describes the development of microelectrodes th integrated three-dimensional electrode structures. The tegration of three-dimensional structures aims at an improvement the electrode/tissue interface. Due to the increase in surface area e electrode impedance is reduced, while the density of icroelectrodes per area remains the same as with flat electrodes. o different types of e...