Agricultural activities increase exports of nutrients and sediments to lakes, with multiple potential impacts on recipient ecosystems. Nutrient inputs enhance phytoplankton and upper trophic levels, and sediment inputs can shade phytoplankton, interfere with feeding of consumers, and degrade benthic habitats. Allochthonous sediments are also a potential food source for detritivores, as is sedim...

The food source of sediment-ingesting animals is a subject of controversy, centering on the notion that the microbial biomass in sediments is insufficient to support caloric need. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum are omnivorous, sediment-ingesting fish that frequently impact the trophic structure of temperate lake and reservoir food webs. Prior gut content analyses of this fish have typically d...

Effects of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum on benthic communities in a large southern reservoir (Lake Texoma, U.S.A.) were examined during two field enclosure and exclosure experiments in which enclosures were stocked at high and low densities in 1998 and 1999, respectively. In both years, chironomid abundance significantly increased in treatments that excluded large fishes from foraging on se...

We analyzed the gizzards, and grits retained in the gizzards of 41 24 cranes that migrated to the Izumi Plain during the winter of 2015/2016 and died 25 there, either due to accident or disease. These included 31 Hooded Cranes (Grus 26 monacha) and 10 White-naped Cranes (G. vipio). We determined body weight, 27 gizzard weight, total grit weight and number per gizzard, and size, shape, and 28 su...

In the present study day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial broilers with maternally derived fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) antibodies were orally infected with a European "pathogenic" FAdV-1, isolated from broilers showing signs of gizzard erosion. During the experiment, broilers were observed and weighed daily up to 17 days post infection (dpi). Clinically, both infected gro...

This study was conducted to assess the effects of feed particle size (FPZ) and crumble size (CZ) of starter diet on growth performance parameters, carcass characteristics, and small intestinal histomorphology in broiler chicks. Three hundred and sixty male Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 ´ 2 factorial arrangement consist of three screened FPZs ...

The size of digestive organs can be rapidly and reversibly adjusted to ecological circumstances, but such phenotypic flexibility comes at a cost. Here, we test how the gizzard mass of a long-distance migrant, the red knot (Calidris canutus), is adjusted to (i) local climate, (ii) prey quality and (iii) migratory fuelling demands. For eight sites around the world (both wintering and stopover sit...

*鹿児島大学リポジトリに登録されているコンテンツの著作権は,執筆者,出版社(学協会)などが有します。 The copyright of any material deposited in Kagoshima University Repository is retained by the author and the publisher (Academic Society) *鹿児島大学リポジトリに登録されているコンテンツの利用については,著作権法に規定されている私的使用 や引用などの範囲内で行ってください。 Materials deposited in Kagoshima University Repository must be used for personal use or quotation in accordance with copyright law. *著作権法に規...

Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were collected from four locations in western Lake Erie during summer, 1982. The nutritional quality of foods ingested by these fish was examined. Small (<60 mm standard length), age 0 fish consumed mostly zooplankton with high organic (>80% of dry weight) and nitrogen (>6% of dry weight) contents. The phytoplankton and detritus diets of larger, age 0 and adul...

Combining reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and molecular cloning technologies, we have investigated the expression of homeodomain proteins in chicken gizzard tissues undergoing differentiation. We demonstrate that homeodomain encoding transcripts are found in developing chicken gizzard. An RT-PCR generated 117 bp homeodomain DNA probe was used to screen a gizzard library ...