We argue that the BRST and the anti-BRST super symmetries in the four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory can be spontaneously broken in a nonlinear partial gauge due to ghost–anti-ghost condensation. However, we show that the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking can be avoided if we adopt the modified Maximal Abelian gauge which is an orthosymplectic OSp(4|2) invariant renormalizable gauge proposed by...

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a term used broadly to define lesions which were either cystic/solid in nature. However, a new term defining dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT), as its neoplastic counterpart, histopathologically showed the presence of dentinoid-like areas, ghost cells and ameloblastomatous-like odontogenic epithelium. This possesses a great challenge to an oral pathologis...

Although he died in 2008, prolific science novelist Michael Crichton – acting as a ‘ghost-writer’, so to speak – continues to add new titles to his oeuvre. Notwithstanding the death of the author, his novel-producing machinery refuses to come to a full stop, although in this case Richard Preston (a science novelist in his own right, author of, among others, The Hot Zone, on viral infections) wa...

S ince the earliest peer-reviewed publications of the late 17th century, conventions about the authorship of scientifi c papers—which were generally anonymous and attributed to the sponsor (in those days, usually the church or the king)—have evolved considerably [1]. Readers now want to know not only who paid for the research but also who did the work. Transparency (i.e., full disclosure) is no...

background & aim: regional odonto dysplasia (rod) is an unusual nonhereditary of teeth with significantly clinical and radiographic features. affected teeth usually remain unerupted or semi-erupted with a discolaration and irregular shape. radiographically these teeth have a large pulp chamber and thin layer of enamel and dentin with similar density. this article is introducing a female patient...

We demonstrate that a clear physical content and relevance can be attributed to the on-shell BRST-invariant mixed gluon–ghost condensate of mass dimension two which was recently proposed by the author. We argue that a gauge invariant observable is associated with the mixed condensate.

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Recognition as an author is an honor and credit for most researchers. In recent years, the number of authors has been increased along with the increase in the number of research articles (1). For instance, the mean number of authors per paper was 4.5 in 1980 and 6.9 in 200...

[This corrects the article on p. 96 in vol. 29, PMID: 27103964.].

A planar point set S is an (i, t) set of ghost chimneys if there exist lines H0, H1, . . . ,Ht−1 such that the orthogonal projection of S onto Hj consists of exactly i + j distinct points. We give upper and lower bounds on the maximum value of t in an (i, t) set of ghost chimneys, showing that it is linear in i.