in this study greenhouse tomato production was investigated from energy consumption and greenhouse gas (ghg) emission point of views. moreover, artificial neural networks (anns) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (anfis) were employed to model energy consumption for greenhouse tomato production. total energy input and output were calculated as 1316.14 and 281.1 gj/ha. among the all ener...

Crop production process utilizes input energy and produces some biomass energy as output.  During this process, greenhouse gases (GHGs) are also emitted which can make environmental risks. In this study, input and output energies, energy indices, and GHG emissions arising from inputs were estimated for wheat-cotton rotation under different tillage practices in Fars province. The study was condu...

Sewage sludge is a considerable source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the field of organic solid waste treatment and disposal. In this case study, total GHG emissions from sludge anaerobic digestion, including direct and indirect emissions as well as replaceable emission reduction due to biogas being reused instead of natural gas, were quantified respectively. The results indicated that no...

Globalization, which exports production and jobs from rich countries to poor countries, also exports from rich countries to poor countries the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created from the production of the goods consumed by rich countries. But whose responsibility are the GHG emissions? Are they exclusively the responsibility of the producing countries, or exclusively the responsibility of t...

Existing studies examined the U.S.'s direct GHG emitters and final consumers driving upstream GHG emissions, but overlooked the U.S.'s primary suppliers enabling downstream GHG emissions and relative contributions of socioeconomic factors to GHG emission changes from the supply side. This study investigates GHG emissions of sectors in the U.S. from production-based (direct emissions), consumpti...

With their increasing shares of global emissions developing economies are increasingly being pressured to assume a greater role in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. Developed countries have invested tremendously in and proclaimed renewable energy (RE) and associated smart power technologies as solutions to meet their energy demands and reduce their GHG emissions at the same time. ...

BACKGROUND The introduction of renewable jet fuel (RJF) is considered an important emission mitigation measure for the aviation industry. This study compares the well-to-wake (WtWa) greenhouse gas (GHG) emission performance of multiple RJF conversion pathways and explores the impact of different co-product allocation methods. The insights obtained in this study are of particular importance if R...

Forest soils are a source/sink of greenhouse gases, and have significant impacts on the budget of these terrestrial greenhouse gases. Here, we show climate-driven changes in soil GHG fluxes (CO₂ emission, CH₄ uptake, and N₂O emission) in Japanese forests from 1980 to 2009, which were estimated using a regional soil GHG model that is data-oriented. Our study reveals that the soil GHG fluxes in J...

The Air Resources Board (ARB) has the primary responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in California under the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32). The overall mandate is to achieve 1990 GHG emission levels by 2020. In our efforts to reduce GHG emissions mandated by AB 32, ARB staff is currently working on multiple sector-specific GHG activities. The glass manufacturi...

Heat demand is a large contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU), as heat is largely produced using fossil fuel resources. Extended use of district heating (DH) could reduce climate impact, as DH systems can distribute heat produced in efficient combined heat and power (CHP) plants and industrial excess heat, thus utilising heat that would otherwise be wasted. The...