Proof. We consider the two cases: either g ∈ H or g ∈ G−H. Case 1 Suppose g ∈ H. Then for any gh ∈ gH, gh ∈ H. This implies gH ⊆ H. Now, let h be any element of H. Then h = (gg−1)h = g(g−1h), and g−1h ∈ H because g−1 and h are both in the subgroup H. It follows that h ∈ gH and H ⊆ gH. Therefore, gH = H. It can be similarly shown that Hg = H. This means gH = Hg and H £ G by Lemma 2.5.1 from clas...

We have investigated whether a reduced MCR of GH in women will account for their higher serum GH concentrations premenopausally compared with those in men. To this end, we directly compared the half-life (t 1/2) of GH and its volume of distribution (Vo) in 13 young men and 6 comparably aged women, each evaluated at three stages of the normal menstrual cycle (viz. the early follicular, late foll...

the aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of co-administration of growthhormone-releasing peptide-2 (ghrp-2) and growth hormone (gh) on tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α),interleukin-6 (il-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) gene expression induced by lps in the mousebrain. thirty-five male nmri mice (25±5 g) were injected through the mouse tail vein with saline,...

Sepsis results in hepatic "growth hormone (GH) resistance" with reductions in plasma IGF-I despite a two- to fourfold increase in circulating GH. In this study, we examine the effects of IL-1 on GH receptor (GHR) expression, GH signaling (via the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways), and the induction of gene expression [IGF-I mRNA and serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 2.1] by GH in CWSV-1 hepatocytes. In...

Short stature caused by biologically inactive growth hormone (GH) is characterized by lack of GH action despite high immunoassayable GH levels in serum and marked catch-up growth to exogenous GH administration. We found a heterozygous single-base substitution (A-->G) in exon 4 of the GH-1 gene of a girl with short stature, clinically suspected to indicate the presence of bioinactive GH and resu...

Ca(+) stores may regulate multiple components of the secretory pathway. We examined the roles of biochemically independent intracellular Ca(2+) stores on acute and long-term growth hormone (GH) release, storage, and mRNA levels in goldfish somatotropes. Thapsigargin-evoked intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) signal amplitude was similar to the Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonist gonadotropin...

In this article, the concepts of gH-subgradient and gH-subdifferential interval-valued functions are illustrated. Several important characteristics a convex function, e.g., closeness, boundedness, chain rule, etc. studied. Alongside, we prove that gH-differentiable function contains only gH-gradient. It is observed directional gH-derivative maximum all products between gH-subgradients direction...