rivers are important water resources for human life, but sometimes cause irreparable damages. the flood plains are fertile terrains which are endangered by flood. flood hazard mapping is one of the basic methods in flood fighting. in order to decline flood damages, the simulation of the hydraulic behavior of the rivers during flood occurrence is very important. in this study, areas that are flo...

there are different methods for controling the flood damages which one of them is flood zoning. in this method, flood zones are determined by simulating river hydraulic behavior and its flood plain for different return periods.in other hand, soil and specially plant coverage are the most effective factor to determine manning roughness coefficient. so it is expected, seasonal plant coverage chan...

flood is considered as a major threat among natural disasters in the world. this case becomes more important and has a higher risk in urban areas due to the existence of important uses. therefore, to reduce damages resulted from flood, this phenomenon must be managed and planned using structural and non-structural approaches. considering the development in iran has been carried out in high risk...

criticism of public extension services has resulted in various countries seeking alternative approaches for provision of these services. in all these approaches, extension personnel are the key factors to the success of the implementation. today, agricultural extension services in turkey bear the responsibility of the ministry of food, agriculture and livestock. a number of non-public extension...

the purpose of this study was to assess the process of extension program development in iranian agricultural extension system (iaes). the research instrument was a structural questionnaire with close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and cranach’s alpha test, respectively. the target population of this research included all extension managers...