The author order of multi-authored papers can reveal subtle patterns of scientific collaboration and provide insights on the nature of credit assignment among coauthors. This article proposes a sequencebased perspective on scientific collaboration. Using frequently occurring sequences as the unit of analysis, this study explores (1) what types of sequence patterns are most common in the scienti...

Geographical information is recorded in a wide variety of media and document types. There are innumerable paper-based books, reports, images and maps; there are computer databases and digital maps along with vast numbers of web pages containing text, images and digital versions of articles, books and reports. Over the past few decades information technology for accessing geographical informatio...

Research papers at conferences such as EGIS and the International Symposia on Spatial Data Handling address a set of intellectual and scientific questions which go well beyond the limited technical capabilities of current technology in geographical information systems. This paper reviews the topics which might be included in a science of geographical information. Research on these fundamental i...

backgrounds and aims: using geographical information system (gis) can decreases the burden of road traffic injuries effectively by identification of hot spot to modification in hazardous areas. the aim of the study was determining geographical distribution of human risk factors associated with road traffic injuries by using geographical information system (gis) in iran. materials and methods: t...

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are special class of information systems which combine spatial and non-spatial within a single system. It is type system that collects, stores, retrieves, analyzes displays geographically referenced attribute data simultaneously. GIS decision tool helps makers facilitate making process. The usage for land problems began about 1960s, but application it to s...