The analysis of mutations that are associated with the occurrence of drug resistance is important for monitoring the antiretroviral therapy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here, we describe the establishment and successful application of Arrayed Primer Extension (APEX) for genotypic resistance testing in HIV as a rapid and economical alternative to standard sequenc...

The aim of this study was to characterize multidrug resistant E. faecalis strains from pigs of local origin and to analyse the relationship between resistance and genotypic and proteomic profiles by amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction sites (ADSRRS-fingerprinting) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI -TOF MS). From the t...

insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-1) is a peptide hormone which is similar in molecular structure to insulin and it is located on chromosome 5 in cattle. since the igf-1 plays an important role in the growth and development of multiple tissues, the purpose of current study was to identify the igf-1 gene polymorphism in sistani beef cattle. a total of 53 sistani beef cattle (one year) were rando...

In the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA‌ (RAPD) and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (REP-PCR) were used to characterize 131 isolates of Pasteurella multocida, originating from different healthy and diseased animal species obtained from several geographical regions of Iran. The RAPD and REP-PCR generated amplified products in the range ...

The virological response of multiple protease inhibitor-experienced, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-naive, HIV-1-infected subjects was examined with respect to baseline viral phenotype and genotype through 72 weeks of therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir plus efavirenz and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Study M98-957). Using a 'dropouts as censored' analysis, plasma HI...

fitzhugh-nagumo (fhn) model is a famous reaction-diffusion system which first introduced for the conduction of electrical impulses along a nerve fiber. this model is also considered as an abstract model for pattern formation. here, we have used the cellular automata method to simulate the pattern formation of the fhn model. it is shown that the pattern of this model is very similar to those of ...

background one of the major clinical problems regarding pseudomonas aeruginosa is attributed to metallo-beta-lactamases (mbl). this group of enzymes is a subset of beta lactamases which belong to group b of ambler classification and cause hydrolysis of carbapenems. based on epidemiological studies conducted worldwide, it is proved that prevalence of genes coding mbls in p. aeruginosa species ar...

this paper, largely motivated by hoey (2001), revisits the issue of written discourse analysis and, in particular, the problem-solution pattern. much discussion embarrasses the way in which texts are pro-duced and understood. the different functional approaches include halliday and hasan’s approach, van dijk’s process-oriented approach, the procedural approach of de beaugrande and dressler, and...