Methylation of cytosine in DNA is one of the most important epigenetic modifications in eukaryotes and plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene activity and the maintenance of genomic integrity. DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms affect the development, differentiation or the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. This study compared the level of methylation of cyto...

Transposable elements (TEs) in plant genomes exhibit a great variety of structure, sequence content and copy number, making them important drivers for species diversity and genome evolution. Even though a genome-wide statistic summary of TEs in rye has been obtained using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology, the accurate diversity of TEs in rye, as well as their chromosomal distribution a...

Revolver discovered in the Triticeae plant is a novel class of transposon-like gene and a major component of the large cereal genome. An 89 bp segment of Revolver that is enriched in the genome of rye was isolated by deleting the DNA sequences common to rye and wheat. The entire structure of Revolver was determined by using rye genomic clones, which were screened by the 89 bp probe. Revolver co...

To identify the developmental stage during which the preferential inactivation of rRNA genes from the rye parent occurs in wheat x rye hybrids, nucleolar activity was evaluated in the embryo and endosperm of developing seeds of the hybrids. The hybrids were obtained from crosses of euploid and aneuploid lines of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring, with rye, Secale cereale cv....

High-throughput sequencing of eukaryotic genomes has revived interest in the structure and function of repetitive genomic sequences, previously referred to as junk DNA. Repetitive sequences, including transposable elements, are now believed to play a significant role in genomic differentiation and evolution. Some are also expressed as regulatory noncoding RNAs. Vast DNA databases exist for high...

background: nematodes are among the most common and important parasites of man and animal. dna of a single worm can be used for several purposes, such as identification to the species, subspecies, strain and antihelmenthic resistance. dna extraction from a single small worm using traditional methods such as phenol extraction technique faces serious prob lems. methods: dna from 20 single haemonc...

Antifreeze proteins similar to two different chitinases accumulate during cold acclimation in winter rye (Secale cereale). To determine whether these cold-responsive chitinases require post-translational modification to bind to ice, cDNAs coding for two different full-length chitinases were isolated from a cDNA library produced from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves. CHT9 is a 1,193-bp clone th...

Polyploidization-induced genome variation in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) was investigated using both AFLP and RFLP analyses. The AFLP analyses were implemented with both EcoRI-MseI (E-M) and PstI-MseI (P-M) primer combinations, which, because of their relative differences in sensitivity to cytosine methylation, primarily amplify repetitive and low-copy sequences, respectively. The resu...

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop. A serious problem in cultivation of this crop andyield loss, are due to fungal disease stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The pathogenesis-related(PR) proteins have the potential for enhancing resistance against fungal pathogen. Thaumatin-like proteins(TLPs) have been shown to have antifungal activity on variou...

It is very important to use chromosome-specific markers for identifying alien chromosomes in advanced generations of distant hybridization. The chromosome-specific markers of rye and Thinopyrum elongatum, as well as genomic in situ hybridization, were used to identify the alien chromosomes in eight lines that were derived from the crossing between Triticum trititrigia (AABBEE) and triticale (AA...