background and aims: influenza vaccination is one of the best way to prevent and control influenza worldwide. it is manufactured by who-licensed companies based on the who expertise committee annually. the aim of this study was partial quality control of the commercial human influenza vaccine 2008-9 and its matching with the circulating strains. materials and methods: the trivalent imported vac...

In laboratory animals, an adequate way to assess effects of environmental exposures on the immune system is to study effects on antigen-specific immune responses, such as after sensitization to T-cell-dependent antigens. This probably also applies to testing effects in the human population. It has thus been suggested that antibody responses to vaccination might be useful in this context. Vaccin...

The following aspects are described for each of the main bacterial diseases in which vaccination is employed: (i) the biochemical, antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of the etiological agents; (ii) their geographical distribution and host range; (iii) the effectiveness and problems of current commercial vaccines; and (iv) the new vaccination approaches using recombinant DNA technology or other...

OBJECTIVES This study was an assessment of the incidence, course, and etiology of epilepsy with vaccination-related seizure onset in a population-based cohort of children. METHODS The medical data of 990 children with seizures after vaccination in the first 2 years of life, reported to the National Institute for Public Health and Environment in the Netherlands in 1997 through 2006, were revie...

The host response to infection or immunization varies within a population. Historically, we have ascribed variation of response among individuals inoculated with identical vaccines to stochastic processes that could not have been predicted. Now that the human genome has been defined and extensive variation in the ge-nome has been noted in both coding and regulatory regions, we can consider the ...

During the 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, 13 type 2 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) were isolated from 6 polio patients and 7 healthy contacts. To clarify the genetic properties of cVDPVs and their emergence, we combined epidemiologic and virologic data for polio cases in Guinea. Deviation of public health resources to the Ebola outbreak disrupted polio v...

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, which is responsible for morbidity and mortality in chickens. Gene expression patterns have previously been demonstrated to differ between chicken populations that are resistant vs. susceptible to bacterial infection, but little is currently known about gene expression response to APEC. Increased understanding of gene expression pa...

BACKGROUND Viral attachment and cell entry host factors are important for viral replication, pathogenesis, and the generation and sustenance of immune responses after infection and/or vaccination, and are plausible genetic regulators of vaccine-induced immunity. METHODS Using a tag-SNP approach in candidate gene study, we assessed the role of selected cell surface receptor genes, attachment f...

There is substantial evidence that host genetic factors are important in determining susceptibility to infection with group A streptococci (GAS). Several studies have revealed that, similarly to humans, a genetic component may be important in determining susceptibility to GAS infection in mice. Thus, C3H/HeN mice are much more susceptible to streptococcal infection than BALB/c mice. We have det...