Particularism and Generalism refer to families of attitudes towards moral principles. This paper explores the suggestion that neural network models of cognition may aid in vindicating particularist views of moral reasoning. Neural network models of moral case classification are presented, and the contrast case method for testing and revising case classifications is considered. It is concluded t...

A remarkable feature of the philosophical work on conspiracy theory has been that most philosophers agree there is nothing inherently problematic about theories (AKA thesis particularism). Recent work, however, challenged this consensus view, arguing really something epistemically wrong with theorising generalism). Are particularism and generalism incompatible? By looking at just how much parti...

The largest impact on the South African burden of disease will be made in community-based and primary healthcare (PHC) settings and not in referral hospitals. Medical generalism is an approach to the delivery of healthcare that routinely applies a broad and holistic perspective to the patient's problems and is a feature of PHC. A multi-professional team of generalists, who share similar values ...

Abstract Generalism should be favoured evolutionarily when there is no genetic constraint or loss of fitness across alternative environments. However, evolution generalism can require substantial evolutionary change, which confer a general stress response to other aspects the environment. We created generalist lineages from an ancestral, resource-specialized laboratory population seed beetles (...

I believe that the NHS is in need of a revolution. The service is struggling to provide the correct balance of specialists and generalists to meet the complex and multiple demands of today's patients. Suffice to say, a successful future NHS needs a flexible, adaptable workforce with the right skills and in the right numbers for the population's medical problems. Service provision must be patien...

Natural and sexual selection shape the evolution of species but the interplay between them is poorly understood. Two phylogenetic studies on birds have suggested that species with greater sexual dichromatism have a broader habitat use. We show that in agamid lizards, species with more elaborate secondary sexual traits are also ecologically more opportunistic. Species with greater dimorphism in ...