gene therapy consists of the introduction of genetic material into cells for a therapeutic purpose. the understanding of the basics of the molecular and cellular mechanisms in disease treatments has resulted in the development of high-tech gene transfer materials with improved therapeutic efficacy. based on the results of more than 2000 clinical trials to date, gene therapy is going to be inclu...

Cardiovascular gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality due to improved vectors, delivery systems and careful experimental validation studies. Nearly all cardiovascular diseases are amenable to gene therapy, but the optimal combination of vector, delivery system and therapeutic gene is likely to be unique to each application. Currently, the most efficient vectors available are replication-de...

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human mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length, coding for 37 genes. during the course of evolution, nearly all the genes expressing ribosomal proteins and ribosomal rnas (rrna) genes have been transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus. however, mitochondrial dna contains two ribosomal rnas genes (12s and 16s), which have not yet transferred to the nucleus. these two...

Genetically modified cattle are important for developing new biomedical models and for an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of zoonotic diseases. However, genome editing and genetic engineering based on somatic cell nuclear transfer suffer from a low overall efficiency. Here, we established a highly efficient one-step multiplex gene transfer system into the bovine genome.

background: linoleic acid (la) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in high concentrations in follicular fluid, when added to maturation culture media, it affects oocyte competence.objective: in the present study, we investigated effect of linoleic acid supplementation on in vitro maturation, embryo development and apoptotic related gene expression in ovinematerials and methods: the experime...

background: over the past several years, mammals have been successfully cloned by either the splitting of an early stage embryo or nuclear transfer of adult somatic cells (nt) into oocytes. although it has been 15 years since the generation of the first cloned mammals from somatic cells by nt, the success rate for producing live offspring by this technique is low regardless of the cell type and...

Although the mouse remains the species of choice for most transgenic experimentation, it may be preferable or even necessary to use alternative species for certain applications. We review the strategies by which transgenic technology has been applied to other animals, specifically, the rat, rabbit, pig, sheep, goat, and cow. Additionally, we outline the potential applications of alternative tra...