Cloud-climate interactions are one of the greatest uncertainties in contemporary general circulation models (GCMs) (Cess et al. 1989, 1990), and the present study has focused on one aspect of this. Specifically, combined satellite and near-surface shortwave (SW) flux measurements have been used to test the impact of clouds on the SW radiation budget of two GCMs. Concentration is initially on SW...

Current evaluations of GCMs, as detailed by the IPCC AR5, show that different GCMs often illustrate different skills for different tasks. The IPCC uses an average or multi-model ensemble (MME) for future projections. In this work, we consider evaluating and combining GCMs for multiple tasks from a multi-task learning (MTL) perspective. MTL is an approach to machine learning that learns multiple...

Recent studies have examined tropical upper tropospheric warming by comparing coupled atmosphere–ocean global circulation model (GCM) simulations from Phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) with satellite and radiosonde observations of warming in the tropical upper troposphere relative to the lower-middle troposphere. These studies showed that models tended to overestimate...

[1] Hydrologic impacts of climate change are usually assessed by downscaling the General Circulation Model (GCM) output of large-scale climate variables to local-scale hydrologic variables. Such an assessment is characterized by uncertainty resulting from the ensembles of projections generated with multiple GCMs, which is known as intermodel or GCM uncertainty. Ensemble averaging with the assig...

Background: In most states, mental illness costs are an increasing share of Medicaid expenditures. Specialized depression care managers (CM) have consistently demonstrated improvements in patient outcomes relative to usual primary care (UC), but are costly and may not be fully utilized in smaller practices. A generalist care manager (GCM) could manage multiple chronic conditions and be more acc...

Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS) was used to show that dimethyl sulfide produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei is responsible for its unusual truffle-like smell and distinguishes the species from Burkholderia thailandensis. SPME-GCMS can be safely used to detect dimethyl sulfide produced by agar-grown B. pseudomallei.

Recent research into seasonal climate prediction has focused on combining multiple atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) to develop multimodel ensembles. A new approach to combining multiple GCMs is proposed by analyzing the skill levels of candidate models contingent on the relevant predictor(s) state. To demonstrate this approach, historical simulations of winter (December–February, D...

[1] Variable resolution general circulation models (GCMs) using a global stretched grid with enhanced uniform resolution over the region(s) of interest have proven to be an established approach to regional climate modeling providing an efficient regional downscaling to mesoscales. This approach has been used since the early to mid-1990s by climate modeling groups from France, the United States,...

[1] The ability of general circulation models (GCMs) to reproduce the observed strong correlations of Eurasian snow extent in the fall to wave activity and Northern Annular Mode anomalies in the following winter is studied. The observed correlations have been hypothesized to involve two parts: a Rossby wave pulse generated in the troposphere in response to snow-forced surface cooling and a coup...

The general circulation models (GCMs) used to simulate future climate are under-constrained, as evidenced by the fact that factor-of-two changes in rates of ocean heat uptake1, 2, magnitudes of radiative forcing anomalies3, 4, and the strength of various feedbacks5–7 can be traded off against one another to yield results that all agree with observations8, 9. This indeterminacy, although inevita...