This paper reviews recent progress of lattice gauge theory determinations of semileptonic B and D decay form factors. These determinations are important in extracting the remaining CKM matrix elements.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to record their pain sensation and to assess children`s reaction objectively and subjectively while receiving dental local anesthesia with 27- and 30-gauge needles. Methods: Forty children (24 boys and 16 girls) participated in this study. A random double-blinded crossover design was used so that each child served as his or her own control, rec...

A tachyon field having a negative squared-masses −mt can be described in terms of infinitely degenerate massless fields. The degeneracy can be described as a gauge freedom. This picture for tachyons does not contradict causality. It is seen that the tachyons can be quenched in the Lorentz gauge, and the effects can be represented by the gauge factor. The accelerated expansion of the Universe an...

A tachyon field having a negative squared-masses −mt can be described in terms of infinitely degenerate massless fields. The degeneracy can be described as a gauge freedom. This picture for tachyons does not contradict causality. It is seen that the tachyons can be quenched in the Lorentz gauge, and the effects can be represented by the gauge factor. The accelerated expansion of the Universe an...

A tachyon field having a negative squared-mass −mt can be described in terms of infinitely degenerate massless fields. The degeneracy can be described as a gauge freedom. This picture for tachyons does not contradict causality. It is seen that the tachyons can be quenched in the Lorentz gauge, and the effects can be represented by the gauge factor. The accelerated expansion of the Universe and ...

given a pair (semispray $s$, metric $g$) on a tangent bundle, the family of nonlinear connections $n$ such that $g$ is recurrent with respect to $(s, n)$ with a fixed recurrent factor is determined by using the obata tensors. in particular, we obtain a characterization for a pair $(n, g)$ to be recurrent as well as for the triple $(s, stackrel{c}{n}, g)$ where $stackrel{c}{n}$ is the canonical ...

Real-time anomalous fermion number violation is investigated for massless chiral fermions in spherically symmetric SU(2) Yang–Mills gauge field backgrounds which can be weakly dissipative or even nondissipative. Restricting consideration to spherically symmetric fermion fields, the zero-eigenvalue equation of the time-dependent effective Dirac Hamiltonian is studied in detail. For generic spher...

structures known to mathematicians as connections in fibre bundles. The discovery of this equivalence has made it possible to understand why and how powerful mathematical concepts and structures are necessary and suitable for the description and explanation of physical reality. In a very important paper, Wu and Yang introduced the fundamental concept of nonintegrable—that is, path-dependent—pha...

purpose : the aim of this study was to compare the rate and location of intraoperatively induced retinal breaks between two techniques of standard 20-gauge vitrectomy and transconjunctival 23-gauge using trocar/cannula methods : in this prospective comparative case series patients having attached retina before surgery who were operated for different vitreoretinal or macular conditions by standa...