Gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. Gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. The main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...

The objective of this study was to characterize personal exposures to welding-related metals and gases for production welders and non-welders in a large manufacturing facility. Welding fume metals and irritant gases nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were sampled for thirty-eight workers. Personal exposure air samples for welding fume metals were collected on 37 mm open face cassettes and ni...

BACKGROUND Welders have been identified as a high risk group for eye disorders due to their exposure to ultraviolet radiation. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and types of eye diseases amongst welders in Ile-Ife, Osun state. METHODS This is a cross sectional descriptive study of 405 consenting welders. Information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained using a pre-tested pr...

oil and gas transmission pipelines are critical items of infrastructure in providing energy sources to regions and countries. steel pipes are commonly used which can be subject to both internal and external corrosion. this paper presents an advanced nondestructive inspection technique for detection of oil-gas pipeline corrosion defect. the pulsed eddy current (pec) method has been successfully ...

Methane is one of the most serious greenhouse gases contributing to irreversible climate change. The contribution of methane emissions from leaking pipelines and the expected increased throughput through the pipelines prompted the natural gas industry to set a goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2010. The integrity of the pipelines is critical to the safety of the gas transportation infrastruc...

OBJECTIVE To determine the level of awareness and practice of use of protective eye devices among welders in Ile-Ife. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 405 consenting welders. A pretested proforma was utilized to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, as well as awareness and use of protective eye device. RESULTS The age of the respondents ranged from 1...

BACKGROUND Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding and Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding are widely used for mild steel segments in basic metal industries. Pulmonary problems such as asthma, pulmonary inflammation, hyper-responsiveness of airways and higher susceptibility to infections are reported as the result of occupational exposure of welders to ozone and nitrogen oxides. Potent oxidizing agents like...

In order to achieve integrated condition in the girth welding of high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines, the weld zones and its surrounding area should have good mechanical properties. Residual stresses are an important defect especially in the girth welding of the pipeline. In this study, two API X70 steel pipes (with spiral seam weld) of 56 inches outside diameter and 0.780 inch wal...

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, there has been widespread construction of submarine oil-gas transmission pipelines due to an increase in offshore oil exploration. Vessel anchoring operations are causing more damage to submarine pipelines due to shipping transportation also increasing. Therefore, it is essential that the influence of anchoring on the required burial depth of sub...